19 lines
845 B
Plaintext
19 lines
845 B
Plaintext
== UNIT 8: FLUIDS ==
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Density: ρ = m/V (constant for incompressible)
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Pressure: P = F/A (force perpendicular to surface)
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Pressure increases with depth: P = P_0 + ρ*g*h
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Gauge pressure: P_gauge = ρ*g*h
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Atmospheric pressure: ~1 atm = 1.0E5 Pa = 101 kPa
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Pascal's principle: pressure change transmits equally
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Buoyant force: F_b = ρ_fluid*V_displaced*g
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Archimedes: buoyant force = weight of displaced fluid
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Object floats if ρ_object < ρ_fluid
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Floats submerged if ρ_object = ρ_fluid (neutral buoyancy)
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Sink if ρ_object > ρ_fluid
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Continuity equation: A_1*v_1 = A_2*v_2 (incompressible flow)
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Bernoulli: P_1 + 0.5*ρ*v_1^2 + ρ*g*h_1 = P_2 + 0.5*ρ*v_2^2 + ρ*g*h_2
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High velocity = low pressure
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Torricelli: exit speed = sqrt(2*g*h)
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Ideal fluid: incompressible, non-viscous, laminar
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Streamline flow
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Viscosity: internal friction between fluid layers |