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notes/phys1/phys1_unit7.txt

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+== UNIT 7: OSCILLATIONS ==
+Simple harmonic motion (SHM): restoring force F = -k*x
+Equilibrium position: net force = 0
+Amplitude: maximum displacement from equilibrium
+Period: time for one complete cycle
+Frequency: f = 1/T cycles per second
+Angular frequency: ω = 2πf
+Spring oscillator period: T_s = 2π*sqrt(m/k)
+Pendulum period: T_p = 2π*sqrt(L/g)
+Simple pendulum: small angles only (<15°)
+Period independent of mass (spring) or amplitude (small angles)
+Energy in SHM: E = 0.5*k*A^2 = 0.5*m*v_max^2
+PE_max = KE_max at equilibrium
+At extremes: v = 0, a = max, PE = max, KE = 0
+At center: a = 0, v = max, PE = min, KE = max
+Damped oscillation: energy loss to friction
+Forced oscillation: driving frequency
+Resonance: driving freq = natural freq
+Period vs frequency inverse relationship