Adding all files

TeamCode/build.gradle

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+//
+// build.gradle in TeamCode
+//
+// Most of the definitions for building your module reside in a common, shared
+// file 'build.common.gradle'. Being factored in this way makes it easier to
+// integrate updates to the FTC into your code. If you really need to customize
+// the build definitions, you can place those customizations in this file, but
+// please think carefully as to whether such customizations are really necessary
+// before doing so.
+
+
+// Custom definitions may go here
+
+// Include common definitions from above.
+apply from: '../build.common.gradle'
+apply from: '../build.dependencies.gradle'
+
+android {
+    namespace = 'org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode'
+
+    packagingOptions {
+        jniLibs.useLegacyPackaging true
+    }
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    implementation project(':FtcRobotController')
+    implementation 'org.ftclib.ftclib:core:2.1.1' // core
+    implementation 'org.ftclib.ftclib:vision:2.1.0' // vision
+    implementation 'org.apache.commons:commons-math3:3.6.1'
+    implementation 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.12.7'
+    implementation 'com.acmerobotics.roadrunner:core:0.5.6'
+}

TeamCode/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+
+<!-- Note: the actual manifest file used in your APK merges this file with contributions
+     from the modules on which your app depends (such as FtcRobotController, etc).
+     So it won't ultimately be as empty as it might here appear to be :-) -->
+
+<!-- The package name here determines the package for your R class and your BuildConfig class -->
+<manifest
+    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+    <application/>
+</manifest>

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/AlignmentTest.java

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+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.control.PIDFController;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Vector2d;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.drivebase.MecanumDrive;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.gamepad.GamepadEx;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.gamepad.GamepadKeys;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.hardware.motors.Motor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.TeleOp;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.Gamepad;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.Telemetry;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.advanced.PoseStorage;
+
+
+@TeleOp (name = "DO NOT RUN")
+@Config
+public class AlignmentTest extends LinearOpMode {
+
+    // Define 2 states, driver control or alignment control
+    enum Mode {
+        NORMAL_CONTROL,
+        ALIGN_TO_POINT
+    }
+
+    private Mode currentMode = Mode.NORMAL_CONTROL;
+
+    // Declare a PIDF Controller to regulate heading
+    // Use the same gains as SampleMecanumDrive's heading controller
+    private PIDFController headingController = new PIDFController(SampleMecanumDrive.HEADING_PID);
+
+    // Declare a target vector you'd like your bot to align with
+    // Can be any x/y coordinate of your choosing
+    private Vector2d targetPosition = new Vector2d(0, 90);
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+
+        /** SETUP **/
+
+        // Hardware Map Setup
+        Hware robot = new Hware();
+        robot.initialize(hardwareMap);
+
+        // Gamepad Setup
+        GamepadEx driverControl = new GamepadEx(gamepad1);
+        GamepadEx armControl = new GamepadEx(gamepad2);
+
+        // DriveBase Setup
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        double SPEEDCONTROL = 1;
+
+        // Retrieve pose
+        drive.setMode(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_WITHOUT_ENCODER);
+        drive.getLocalizer().setPoseEstimate(PoseStorage.currentPose);
+        headingController.setInputBounds(-Math.PI, Math.PI);
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        while (opModeIsActive()) {
+
+            /** DRIVER CONTROLS **/
+
+            if (driverControl.getButton(GamepadKeys.Button.RIGHT_BUMPER) || driverControl.getButton(GamepadKeys.Button.LEFT_BUMPER)) { SPEEDCONTROL = .5; } else { SPEEDCONTROL = 1; }
+
+            // Read pose
+            Pose2d poseEstimate = drive.getLocalizer().getPoseEstimate();
+
+            // Declare a drive direction
+            // Pose representing desired x, y, and angular velocity
+            Pose2d driveDirection = new Pose2d();
+
+            telemetry.addData("mode", currentMode);
+
+            switch (currentMode) {
+                case NORMAL_CONTROL:
+                    // Switch into alignment mode if `a` is pressed
+                    if (gamepad1.triangle) {
+                        currentMode = Mode.ALIGN_TO_POINT;
+                    }
+
+                    // Standard teleop control
+                    // Convert gamepad input into desired pose velocity
+                    driveDirection = new Pose2d(
+                            -gamepad1.left_stick_y * SPEEDCONTROL,
+                            -gamepad1.left_stick_x * SPEEDCONTROL,
+                            -gamepad1.right_stick_x * SPEEDCONTROL
+                    );
+                    break;
+                case ALIGN_TO_POINT:
+                    // Switch back into normal driver control mode if `b` is pressed
+                    if (gamepad1.circle) {
+                        currentMode = Mode.NORMAL_CONTROL;
+                    }
+
+                    // Create a vector from the gamepad x/y inputs which is the field relative movement
+                    // Then, rotate that vector by the inverse of that heading for field centric control
+                    Vector2d fieldFrameInput = new Vector2d(
+                            -gamepad1.left_stick_y * SPEEDCONTROL,
+                            -gamepad1.left_stick_x * SPEEDCONTROL
+                    );
+                    Vector2d robotFrameInput = fieldFrameInput.rotated(-poseEstimate.getHeading());
+
+                    // Difference between the target vector and the bot's position
+                    Vector2d difference = targetPosition.minus(poseEstimate.vec());
+                    // Obtain the target angle for feedback and derivative for feedforward
+                    double theta = difference.angle();
+
+                    // Not technically omega because its power. This is the derivative of atan2
+                    double thetaFF = -fieldFrameInput.rotated(-Math.PI / 2).dot(difference) / (difference.norm() * difference.norm());
+
+                    // Set the target heading for the heading controller to our desired angle
+                    headingController.setTargetPosition(theta);
+
+                    // Set desired angular velocity to the heading controller output + angular
+                    // velocity feedforward
+                    double headingInput = (headingController.update(poseEstimate.getHeading())
+                            * DriveConstants.kV + thetaFF)
+                            * DriveConstants.TRACK_WIDTH;
+
+                    // Combine the field centric x/y velocity with our derived angular velocity
+                    driveDirection = new Pose2d(
+                            robotFrameInput,
+                            headingInput
+                    );
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            drive.setWeightedDrivePower(driveDirection);
+
+            // Update the heading controller with our current heading
+            headingController.update(poseEstimate.getHeading());
+
+            // Update the localizer
+            drive.getLocalizer().update();
+            // Print pose to telemetry
+            telemetry.addData("x", poseEstimate.getX());
+            telemetry.addData("y", poseEstimate.getY());
+            telemetry.addData("heading", poseEstimate.getHeading());
+            telemetry.update();
+
+        }
+
+        while (!isStopRequested() && opModeIsActive());
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/AutoLock.java

@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode;
+
+import android.util.Size;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.drivebase.MecanumDrive;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.gamepad.GamepadEx;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.gamepad.GamepadKeys;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.OpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.TeleOp;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotorEx;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.util.ElapsedTime;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.hardware.camera.BuiltinCameraDirection;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.hardware.camera.WebcamName;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.navigation.AngleUnit;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.navigation.DistanceUnit;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.navigation.Position;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.navigation.YawPitchRollAngles;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.vision.VisionPortal;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.vision.apriltag.AprilTagDetection;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.vision.apriltag.AprilTagGameDatabase;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.vision.apriltag.AprilTagProcessor;
+
+import java.util.List;
+@Config
+@TeleOp(name = "Auto-aiming turret (Webcam AprilTag)", group = "Iterative Opmode")
+public class AutoLock extends OpMode {
+
+    // Hardware
+    private DcMotorEx turretMotor;
+
+    // Vision
+    private VisionPortal visionPortal;
+    private AprilTagProcessor aprilTag;
+
+    // PID gains
+    public double kP = 0.0012;
+    public static double kI = 0.001;
+    public static double kD = 0.002;
+
+    // Target center (degrees). 0 means center of camera.
+    private double targetX = 0.0;
+
+    private double integral = 0.0;
+    private double lastError = 0.0;
+
+    GamepadEx driverControl = null;
+    GamepadEx armControl = null;
+
+    private final ElapsedTime loopTimer = new ElapsedTime();
+    private final ElapsedTime targetLostTimer = new ElapsedTime();
+
+    // Tuning
+    private static final double POSITION_TOLERANCE_DEG = 1.5;
+    private static final double MIN_POWER = 0.05;
+    private static final double MAX_POWER = 0.4;
+    private static final double TARGET_LOST_TIMEOUT_SEC = 0.5;
+
+    // Flip if turret moves the wrong way
+    private static final boolean INVERT_MOTOR = true;
+
+    // OPTIONAL: only lock onto certain tag IDs. Leave empty to accept any.
+    // Example: new int[]{1,2,3}
+    private static final int[] DESIRED_TAG_IDS = new int[]{23, 24}; // empty = any
+
+    private boolean targetWasVisible = false;
+    private Position cameraPosition = new Position(DistanceUnit.INCH,
+            0, 0, 0, 0);
+    private YawPitchRollAngles cameraOrientation = new YawPitchRollAngles(AngleUnit.DEGREES,
+            0, -90, 0, 0);
+
+    // Drive Variables
+    double x, y, xy;
+    double SPEEDCONTROL;
+    boolean driveMode = true;
+    MecanumDrive drive = null;
+    Hware robot = null;
+
+    @Override
+    public void init() {
+        try {
+
+            // Hardware Map Setup
+            robot = new Hware();
+            robot.initialize(hardwareMap);
+
+            driverControl = new GamepadEx(gamepad1);
+            armControl = new GamepadEx(gamepad2);
+
+            // DriveBase Setup
+            drive = new MecanumDrive(true, robot.frontLeft, robot.frontRight, robot.backLeft, robot.backRight);
+
+
+            turretMotor = hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "turret");
+            turretMotor.setZeroPowerBehavior(DcMotor.ZeroPowerBehavior.BRAKE);
+
+            // AprilTag processor
+            aprilTag = new AprilTagProcessor.Builder()
+                    .setTagFamily(AprilTagProcessor.TagFamily.TAG_36h11)
+                    .setTagLibrary(AprilTagGameDatabase.getDecodeTagLibrary())
+                    .setOutputUnits(DistanceUnit.INCH, AngleUnit.DEGREES)
+                    // If you have a Logitech C920/C270 etc, you can usually leave defaults.
+                    // If you have calibrated intrinsics, you can set them here (advanced).
+                    .build();
+
+            // Vision portal with webcam
+            visionPortal = new VisionPortal.Builder()
+                    .setCamera(hardwareMap.get(WebcamName.class, "Webcam 1"))
+                    .addProcessor(aprilTag)
+                    .build();
+
+
+            loopTimer.reset();
+            targetLostTimer.reset();
+
+            telemetry.addData("Status", "Initialized (Webcam + AprilTag)");
+            telemetry.addData("Motor Inverted", INVERT_MOTOR);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            telemetry.addData("Init Error", e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void loop() {
+        try {
+            // Get current detections
+            List<AprilTagDetection> detections = aprilTag.getDetections();
+
+            AprilTagDetection best = pickBestDetection(detections);
+
+            telemetry.addData("Detections", detections.size());
+            for (AprilTagDetection d : detections) {
+                    telemetry.addData("ID", d.id);
+                    telemetry.addData("Metadata null?", d.metadata == null);
+                    telemetry.addData("Pose null?", d.ftcPose == null);
+
+            }
+
+            /** DRIVER CONTROLS **/
+
+            if (gamepad2.x) { driveMode = true; } else if (gamepad2.y) { driveMode = false;}
+
+            // Chassis
+            if (!driveMode) { SPEEDCONTROL = 0;} else if (driverControl.getButton(GamepadKeys.Button.RIGHT_BUMPER) || driverControl.getButton(GamepadKeys.Button.LEFT_BUMPER)) { SPEEDCONTROL = .5; } else { SPEEDCONTROL = 1; }
+            x = driverControl.getLeftX();
+            y = driverControl.getLeftY();
+            xy = driverControl.getRightX();
+
+            drive.driveRobotCentric(
+                    -x * SPEEDCONTROL,
+                    -y * SPEEDCONTROL,
+                    -xy * SPEEDCONTROL
+            );
+
+            // Intake
+                if (driverControl.getTrigger(GamepadKeys.Trigger.RIGHT_TRIGGER) > 0.5) { robot.intake.set(1); } else if (driverControl.getTrigger(GamepadKeys.Trigger.LEFT_TRIGGER) > 0.5) { robot.intake.set(-1); } else { robot.intake.set(0); }
+
+            /** Arm Controls **/
+//                if (armControl.getTrigger(GamepadKeys.Trigger.RIGHT_TRIGGER) > 0.5) { robot.turret.set(.3); } else if (armControl.getTrigger(GamepadKeys.Trigger.LEFT_TRIGGER) > 0.5) { robot.turret.set(-0.3); } else { robot.turret.set(0); }
+//                if (armControl.getButton(GamepadKeys.Button.X)) { robot.launchLeft.set(1); robot.launchRight.set(1); } else {robot.launchLeft.set(0); robot.launchRight.set(0);}
+//                if (!driveMode) {robot.rightPTO.setPosition(1); robot.leftPTO.setPosition(1);} else {robot.rightPTO.setPosition(0); robot.rightPTO.setPosition(0);}
+
+
+            if (best != null) {
+                targetWasVisible = true;
+                targetLostTimer.reset();
+
+                // ----- "tx" equivalent -----
+                // AprilTag gives pose relative to camera. We want horizontal angle offset.
+                // Use bearing/yaw style value if available from metadata or pose.
+                //
+                // Most reliable: compute from pose X/Z (left/right vs forward):
+                // angle = atan2(x, z)
+                //
+                // In FTC pose:
+                // - pose.x: left/right (inches or meters depending on config; typically inches)
+                // - pose.z: forward distance
+                //
+                // If your coordinate axes differ, flip sign once using INVERT_MOTOR or sign flip here.
+                double x = best.ftcPose.x;  // left(+) / right(-) depending on convention
+                double z = best.ftcPose.z;  // forward distance
+                double txDeg = Math.toDegrees(Math.atan2(x, z));
+
+                // Timing
+                double dt = loopTimer.seconds();
+                loopTimer.reset();
+
+                if (dt < 0.001) dt = 0.001;
+                if (dt > 1.0) dt = 1.0;
+
+                // Error (positive tx means tag is to one side)
+                double error = txDeg - targetX;
+
+                // PID
+                integral += error * dt;
+                integral = Math.max(-50, Math.min(50, integral)); // anti-windup
+
+                double derivative = (error - lastError) / dt;
+
+                double pidOutput = (kP * error) + (kI * integral) + (kD * derivative);
+
+                // Deadband
+                if (Math.abs(error) < POSITION_TOLERANCE_DEG) {
+                    pidOutput = 0;
+                    integral = 0;
+                }
+
+                // Min power to overcome friction
+                if (pidOutput != 0 && Math.abs(pidOutput) < MIN_POWER) {
+                    pidOutput = MIN_POWER * Math.signum(pidOutput);
+                }
+
+                // Clamp
+                double motorPower = clamp(pidOutput, -MAX_POWER, MAX_POWER);
+
+                if (INVERT_MOTOR) motorPower = -motorPower;
+
+                if (!Double.isFinite(motorPower)) {
+                    motorPower = 0;
+                    resetPID();
+                }
+
+                turretMotor.setPower(motorPower);
+                lastError = error;
+
+                telemetry.addData("Status", "LOCKED ON");
+                telemetry.addData("Tag ID", best.id);
+                telemetry.addData("tx (deg)", "%.2f", txDeg);
+                telemetry.addData("Error", "%.2f", error);
+                telemetry.addData("PID Output", "%.3f", pidOutput);
+                telemetry.addData("Motor Power", "%.3f", motorPower);
+
+                // Extra pose telemetry (helpful for debugging)
+                telemetry.addData("Pose x", "%.2f", best.ftcPose.x);
+                telemetry.addData("Pose z", "%.2f", best.ftcPose.z);
+                telemetry.addData("Range: ", best.ftcPose.range);
+                telemetry.addData("Bearing", "%.2f deg", best.ftcPose.bearing);
+                telemetry.addData("Yaw", "%.2f deg", best.ftcPose.yaw);
+
+                if(best.ftcPose.range < 40){
+                    kP = 0.008;
+                } else if (best.ftcPose.range < 70) {
+                    kP = 0.005;
+                } else if (best.ftcPose.range < 90){
+                    kP = 0.004;
+                } else if (best.ftcPose.range < 110) {
+                    kP = 0.003;
+                } else if (best.ftcPose.range < 130) {
+                    kP = 0.002;
+                } else if (best.ftcPose.range < 150) {
+                    kP = 0.001;
+                } else {
+                    kP = 0.0005;
+                }
+                telemetry.addData("kP: ", kP);
+
+            } else {
+                handleNoTarget();
+            }
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            telemetry.addData("Error", e.getMessage());
+            telemetry.addData("Error Type", e.getClass().getSimpleName());
+            stopTurret();
+        }
+
+        telemetry.update();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pick "best" detection. Simple approach:
+     * - If DESIRED_TAG_IDS set: only accept those
+     * - Choose closest (smallest range) among candidates
+     */
+    private AprilTagDetection pickBestDetection(List<AprilTagDetection> detections) {
+        if (detections == null || detections.isEmpty()) return null;
+
+        AprilTagDetection best = null;
+        double bestRange = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+
+        for (AprilTagDetection d : detections) {
+            if (d == null) continue;
+
+            if (!isDesiredId(d.id)) continue;
+
+            // Use range as "quality" metric
+            double r = d.ftcPose.range;
+            if (r < bestRange) {
+                bestRange = r;
+                best = d;
+            }
+        }
+        return best;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isDesiredId(int id) {
+        if (DESIRED_TAG_IDS == null || DESIRED_TAG_IDS.length == 0) return true;
+        for (int x : DESIRED_TAG_IDS) {
+            if (x == id) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void handleNoTarget() {
+        if (targetWasVisible && targetLostTimer.seconds() < TARGET_LOST_TIMEOUT_SEC) {
+            telemetry.addData("Status", "TRACKING LOST - Coasting");
+            telemetry.addData("Time Lost", "%.2f s", targetLostTimer.seconds());
+            // You could also keep last motor power for a brief time if you store it.
+        } else {
+            stopTurret();
+            telemetry.addData("Status", "SEARCHING");
+            telemetry.addData("Target Visible", "No");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void stopTurret() {
+        if (turretMotor != null) turretMotor.setPower(0);
+        resetPID();
+        targetWasVisible = false;
+    }
+
+    private void resetPID() {
+        integral = 0;
+        lastError = 0;
+    }
+
+    private static double clamp(double v, double lo, double hi) {
+        return Math.max(lo, Math.min(hi, v));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void stop() {
+        try {
+            if (turretMotor != null) turretMotor.setPower(0);
+            if (visionPortal != null) visionPortal.close();
+        } catch (Exception ignored) {}
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/Auton/blueDepot.java

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.Auton;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.TrajectoryVelocityConstraint;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.Autonomous;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotor;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.Hware;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.advanced.PoseStorage;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.TrajectorySequence;
+
+@Config
+@Autonomous(name = "Blue Depot Cycle")
+public class blueDepot extends LinearOpMode {
+
+    Hware robot = new Hware();
+    double TICKS_PER_DEGREE = (384.5 * 9.26) / 360;
+
+    public void turretPower(double power) {
+        robot.turret.setPower(power);
+    }
+
+    public void turretPos(int position) {
+        turretPower(0);
+        robot.turret.setMode(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_USING_ENCODER);
+        robot.turret.setMode(DcMotor.RunMode.STOP_AND_RESET_ENCODER);
+        robot.turret.setTargetPosition(position * (int) TICKS_PER_DEGREE);
+        robot.turret.setMode(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_TO_POSITION);
+        turretPower(1);
+    }
+
+    public void spintakeStart(){
+        robot.intake.set(1);
+    }
+
+    public void spintakeEnd(){
+        robot.intake.set(0);
+    }
+
+    public void shoot(){
+        robot.topFly.set(1);
+        robot.bottomFly.set(1);
+        robot.activeTransfer.setPosition(1);
+    }
+
+    public void reset(){
+        robot.intake.set(0);
+        robot.topFly.set(0);
+        robot.bottomFly.set(0);
+        robot.launchHood.setPosition(0.3);
+        robot.activeTransfer.setPosition(0);
+    }
+
+
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+
+        //webcam1 = hardwareMap.get(WebcamName.class, "Webcam 2");
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+
+        Pose2d startPose = new Pose2d(0, 0, Math.toRadians(0));
+
+        drive.setPoseEstimate(startPose);
+
+        TrajectorySequence oneCycle = drive.trajectorySequenceBuilder(startPose)
+                .strafeLeft(25)
+                .UNSTABLE_addTemporalMarkerOffset(.3, () -> {
+                    shoot();
+                })
+                .waitSeconds(1)
+                .UNSTABLE_addTemporalMarkerOffset(.1, () -> {
+                    reset();
+                })
+                .lineToLinearHeading(new Pose2d(0,0, Math.toRadians(0)))
+                .UNSTABLE_addTemporalMarkerOffset(.1, () -> {
+                    spintakeStart();
+                })
+                .forward(30,  SampleMecanumDrive.getVelocityConstraint(30, DriveConstants.MAX_ANG_VEL, DriveConstants.TRACK_WIDTH),
+                        SampleMecanumDrive.getAccelerationConstraint(DriveConstants.MAX_ACCEL))
+                .UNSTABLE_addTemporalMarkerOffset(.1, () -> {
+                    spintakeEnd();
+                })
+                .lineToLinearHeading(new Pose2d(0,0, Math.toRadians(0)))
+                .UNSTABLE_addTemporalMarkerOffset(.1, () -> {
+                    shoot();
+                })
+                .waitSeconds(1)
+                .UNSTABLE_addTemporalMarkerOffset(.1, () -> {
+                    reset();
+                })
+                .lineToLinearHeading(new Pose2d(0,0, Math.toRadians(0)))
+                .forward(10)
+                .UNSTABLE_addTemporalMarkerOffset(.1, () -> {
+                    spintakeStart();
+                })
+                .strafeLeft(10)
+                .forward(3)
+                .UNSTABLE_addTemporalMarkerOffset(.1, () -> {
+                    spintakeEnd();
+                })
+                .lineToLinearHeading(new Pose2d(0,0, Math.toRadians(0)))
+                .UNSTABLE_addTemporalMarkerOffset(.1, () -> {
+                    shoot();
+                })
+                .waitSeconds(1)
+                .lineToLinearHeading(new Pose2d(0,0, Math.toRadians(0)))
+                .UNSTABLE_addTemporalMarkerOffset(.1, () -> {
+                    spintakeStart();
+                })
+                .forward(30,  SampleMecanumDrive.getVelocityConstraint(30, DriveConstants.MAX_ANG_VEL, DriveConstants.TRACK_WIDTH),
+                        SampleMecanumDrive.getAccelerationConstraint(DriveConstants.MAX_ACCEL))
+                .UNSTABLE_addTemporalMarkerOffset(.1, () -> {
+                    spintakeEnd();
+                })
+                .lineToLinearHeading(new Pose2d(0,0, Math.toRadians(0)))
+                .UNSTABLE_addTemporalMarkerOffset(.1, () -> {
+                    shoot();
+                })
+                .waitSeconds(1)
+                .UNSTABLE_addTemporalMarkerOffset(.1, () -> {
+                    reset();
+                })
+                .lineToLinearHeading(new Pose2d(0,0, Math.toRadians(0)))
+                .build();
+
+        waitForStart();
+        if (opModeIsActive() && !isStopRequested()) {
+//            while (opModeIsActive()) {
+            drive.followTrajectorySequence(oneCycle);
+            PoseStorage.currentPose = drive.getPoseEstimate();
+//            }
+        }
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/DriverControlsDoubleV1.java

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.gamepad.GamepadEx;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.gamepad.GamepadKeys;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.TeleOp;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.TrajectorySequence;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
+@TeleOp
+@Config
+public class DriverControlsDoubleV1 extends LinearOpMode {
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() {
+
+        Hware robot = new Hware();
+        robot.initialize(hardwareMap);
+
+        GamepadEx driverControl = new GamepadEx(gamepad1);
+        GamepadEx armControl = new GamepadEx(gamepad2);
+
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        boolean xPrev = false;
+        boolean bPrev = false;
+
+        final boolean[] shooting = { false };
+
+        Pose2d startPose = drive.getPoseEstimate();
+
+        TrajectorySequence shootSeq = drive.trajectorySequenceBuilder(startPose)
+                .addTemporalMarker(0.00, () -> {
+                    robot.intake.set(0);
+                    robot.activeTransfer.setPosition(0.7);
+                    robot.topFly.set(1);
+                    robot.bottomFly.set(1);
+                })
+                .waitSeconds(0.50)
+                .addTemporalMarker(0.00, () -> {
+                    robot.activeTransfer.setPosition(1);
+                    robot.intake.set(1);
+                })
+                .waitSeconds(0.70)
+                .addTemporalMarker(0.00, () -> {
+                    stopAll(robot);
+                    shooting[0] = false;
+                })
+                .build();
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        while (opModeIsActive()) {
+
+            drive.update();
+
+            if (!shooting[0]) {
+                if (driverControl.getTrigger(GamepadKeys.Trigger.RIGHT_TRIGGER) > 0.5) {
+                    robot.intake.set(1);
+                    robot.activeTransfer.setPosition(0.7);
+                } else if (driverControl.getTrigger(GamepadKeys.Trigger.LEFT_TRIGGER) > 0.5) {
+                    robot.intake.set(-1);
+                } else {
+                    robot.intake.set(0);
+                }
+            }
+
+            boolean xNow = armControl.getButton(GamepadKeys.Button.X);
+            if (xNow && !xPrev && !shooting[0]) {
+                shooting[0] = true;
+                drive.followTrajectorySequenceAsync(shootSeq);
+            }
+            xPrev = xNow;
+
+            boolean bNow = armControl.getButton(GamepadKeys.Button.B);
+            if (bNow && !bPrev && shooting[0]) {
+                cancelTrajectorySequenceCompat(drive);
+                stopAll(robot);
+                shooting[0] = false;
+            }
+            bPrev = bNow;
+
+            telemetry.addData("Shooting", shooting[0]);
+            telemetry.addData("RR Busy", drive.isBusy());
+            telemetry.update();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void stopAll(Hware robot) {
+        robot.intake.set(0);
+        robot.topFly.set(0);
+        robot.bottomFly.set(0);
+        robot.activeTransfer.setPosition(0.7);
+    }
+
+    private static void cancelTrajectorySequenceCompat(Object drive) {
+        if (invokeIfExists(drive, "cancelTrajectorySequence")) return;
+        if (invokeIfExists(drive, "cancelFollowing")) return;
+        if (invokeIfExists(drive, "breakFollowing")) return;
+        try {
+            Method m = drive.getClass().getMethod("setDrivePower", Pose2d.class);
+            m.invoke(drive, new Pose2d(0, 0, 0));
+        } catch (Exception ignored) {}
+    }
+
+    private static boolean invokeIfExists(Object obj, String methodName) {
+        try {
+            Method m = obj.getClass().getMethod(methodName);
+            m.invoke(obj);
+            return true;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/Hware.java

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode;
+
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.hardware.ServoEx;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.hardware.SimpleServo;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.hardware.motors.Motor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotorEx;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotorSimple;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.HardwareMap;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.hardware.camera.WebcamName;
+
+public class Hware {
+
+    HardwareMap hardwareMap;
+    public Motor frontRight, frontLeft, backRight, backLeft, intake, bottomFly, topFly;
+    public DcMotor turret;
+    public SimpleServo activeTransfer, rightPTO, leftPTO, launchHood;
+    WebcamName webcam;
+    public void initialize(HardwareMap hwMap) {
+        hardwareMap = hwMap;
+
+        /** MOTORS **/
+
+//         Chassis Motors
+        frontRight = new Motor(hardwareMap, "frontRight", Motor.GoBILDA.RPM_435);
+        frontLeft = new Motor(hardwareMap, "frontLeft", Motor.GoBILDA.RPM_435);
+        backRight = new Motor(hardwareMap, "backRight", Motor.GoBILDA.RPM_435);
+        backLeft = new Motor(hardwareMap, "backLeft", Motor.GoBILDA.RPM_435);
+
+//         Intake
+        intake = new Motor(hardwareMap, "intake", Motor.GoBILDA.RPM_1620);
+
+//         Launch
+        bottomFly = new Motor(hardwareMap, "bottomFly", Motor.GoBILDA.BARE);
+        topFly = new Motor(hardwareMap, "topFly", Motor.GoBILDA.BARE);
+
+//         Turret
+        turret = hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "turret");
+
+
+        /** SERVOS **/
+        activeTransfer = new SimpleServo(hardwareMap, "activeTransfer", 0, 100);
+        leftPTO = new SimpleServo(hardwareMap, "leftPTO", 0, 90);
+        rightPTO = new SimpleServo(hardwareMap, "rightPTO", 0, 90);
+        launchHood = new SimpleServo(hardwareMap, "launchHood", 0, 180);
+
+        /** Cam **/
+//        webcam = hardwareMap.get(WebcamName.class, "cam");
+
+//         Zero Power Behaviors
+        frontRight.setZeroPowerBehavior(Motor.ZeroPowerBehavior.BRAKE);
+        frontLeft.setZeroPowerBehavior(Motor.ZeroPowerBehavior.BRAKE);
+        backLeft.setZeroPowerBehavior(Motor.ZeroPowerBehavior.BRAKE);
+        backRight.setZeroPowerBehavior(Motor.ZeroPowerBehavior.BRAKE);
+        intake.setZeroPowerBehavior(Motor.ZeroPowerBehavior.BRAKE);
+
+        bottomFly.setInverted(true);
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/OdometryAutoLock.java

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.control.PIDFController;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Vector2d;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.gamepad.GamepadEx;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.gamepad.GamepadKeys;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.TeleOp;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotor;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDriveRIGGED;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.advanced.PoseStorage;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.TrajectorySequence;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util.PersonalPID;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+
+@TeleOp (name = "OdoAutoLock")
+@Config
+public class OdometryAutoLock extends LinearOpMode {
+
+    // Declare a PIDF Controller to regulate heading
+    // Use the same gains as SampleMecanumDrive's heading controller
+    private PIDFController headingController = new PIDFController(SampleMecanumDrive.HEADING_PID);
+    public static double MAX_LOCK_ANGLE = Math.toRadians(90); // ±90°
+
+    // Declare a target vector you'd like your bot to align with
+    // Can be any x/y coordinate of your choosing
+    private Vector2d targetPosition = new Vector2d(0, 45);
+
+    private PersonalPID controller;
+
+    public static double p = 0.025, i = 0, d = 0.0001, f = 0.001;
+
+    public static int target = 0;
+
+    public static double TICKS_PER_DEGREE = (384.5 * 9.26) / 360;
+    public static int TURRET_MIN_TICKS = (int) (TICKS_PER_DEGREE * (-90));
+    public static int TURRET_MAX_TICKS = (int) (TICKS_PER_DEGREE * (90));
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+
+        /** SETUP **/
+
+        // Hardware Map Setup
+        Hware robot = new Hware();
+        robot.initialize(hardwareMap);
+        controller = new PersonalPID(p, i, d, f);
+
+        // Gamepad Setup
+        GamepadEx driverControl = new GamepadEx(gamepad1);
+        GamepadEx armControl = new GamepadEx(gamepad2);
+
+
+        // DriveBase Setup
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+        SampleMecanumDriveRIGGED driveRIGGED = new SampleMecanumDriveRIGGED(hardwareMap);
+
+        double SPEEDCONTROL = 1;
+        Boolean auto = false;
+        // Retrieve pose
+        drive.setMode(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_WITHOUT_ENCODER);
+        drive.getLocalizer().setPoseEstimate(PoseStorage.currentPose);
+        headingController.setInputBounds(-Math.PI, Math.PI);
+
+        boolean xPrev = false;
+        boolean bPrev = false;
+
+        final boolean[] shooting = { false };
+
+        Pose2d startPose = drive.getPoseEstimate();
+
+        TrajectorySequence shootSeq = driveRIGGED.trajectorySequenceBuilder(startPose)
+                .forward(.1)
+                .addDisplacementMarker(()-> {
+                    robot.activeTransfer.setPosition(1);
+                    robot.intake.set(1);
+                })
+                .build();
+
+        TrajectorySequence runUp = driveRIGGED.trajectorySequenceBuilder(startPose)
+                .forward(.1)
+                .addDisplacementMarker(()-> {
+                    robot.topFly.set(1);
+                    robot.bottomFly.set(1);
+                })
+                .forward(.1)
+                .waitSeconds(1.5)
+                .forward(.1)
+                .addDisplacementMarker(()-> {
+                    gamepad1.rumbleBlips(2);
+                    gamepad2.rumbleBlips(2);
+                })
+                .build();
+
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        robot.turret.setMode(DcMotor.RunMode.STOP_AND_RESET_ENCODER);
+
+        while (opModeIsActive()) {
+
+            double distance = Math.hypot(drive.getPoseEstimate().getX() - targetPosition.getX(), drive.getPoseEstimate().getY() - targetPosition.getY());
+            double height = 62;
+            double launchAngle = Math.atan2(height, distance);
+            /** DRIVER CONTROLS **/
+
+            if (driverControl.getButton(GamepadKeys.Button.RIGHT_BUMPER) || driverControl.getButton(GamepadKeys.Button.LEFT_BUMPER)) { SPEEDCONTROL = .5; } else { SPEEDCONTROL = 1; }
+
+            // Read pose
+            Pose2d poseEstimate = drive.getLocalizer().getPoseEstimate();
+
+            // Declare a drive direction
+            // Pose representing desired x, y, and angular velocity
+            Pose2d driveDirection = new Pose2d();
+
+                    // Standard teleop control
+                    // Convert gamepad input into desired pose velocity
+                    driveDirection = new Pose2d(
+                            -gamepad1.left_stick_y * SPEEDCONTROL,
+                            -gamepad1.left_stick_x * SPEEDCONTROL,
+                            -gamepad1.right_stick_x * SPEEDCONTROL
+                    );
+
+
+            drive.setWeightedDrivePower(driveDirection);
+
+            double headingPose = poseEstimate.getHeading();
+            //9.26
+
+            double totalHeading = ((Math.toRadians((robot.turret.getCurrentPosition() / TICKS_PER_DEGREE))) + headingPose) % (2 * Math.PI);
+//
+            double theta = Math.atan2(targetPosition.getY() - drive.getPoseEstimate().getY(), targetPosition.getX() - drive.getPoseEstimate().getX()) - drive.getPoseEstimate().getHeading();
+//            theta = Math.atan2(Math.sin(theta), Math.cos(theta));
+
+            boolean withinAngle =
+                    Math.abs(theta) < MAX_LOCK_ANGLE;
+
+//            if((realTheta > (2 * Math.PI - 0.5)) || (realTheta < (-2 * Math.PI + 0.5))){
+//                robot.turret.setMode(DcMotor.RunMode.STOP_AND_RESET_ENCODER);
+//            }
+
+
+            controller.setPIDF(p, i, d, f);
+            int armPos = robot.turret.getCurrentPosition();
+            double pid = controller.calculate(armPos, target);
+
+
+            if (withinAngle) {
+
+                int desiredTarget = (int)(TICKS_PER_DEGREE * Math.toDegrees(theta));
+
+                // Clamp to turret mechanical limits
+                desiredTarget = Math.max(
+                        TURRET_MIN_TICKS,
+                        Math.min(TURRET_MAX_TICKS, desiredTarget)
+                );
+
+                target = desiredTarget;
+
+                controller.setPIDF(p, i, d, f);
+                pid = controller.calculate(armPos, target);
+
+                robot.turret.setPower(pid);
+
+            } else {
+                // Outside lock range → stop or hold
+                robot.turret.setPower(0);
+            }
+
+            telemetry.addData("armPos", armPos);
+            telemetry.addData("target", target);
+            telemetry.addData("pid", pid);
+            telemetry.update();
+
+            driveRIGGED.update();
+
+                if (driverControl.getTrigger(GamepadKeys.Trigger.RIGHT_TRIGGER) > 0.5) {
+                    auto = false;
+                    robot.intake.set(1);
+                    robot.activeTransfer.setPosition(0.85);
+                } else if (driverControl.getTrigger(GamepadKeys.Trigger.LEFT_TRIGGER) > 0.5) {
+                    auto = false;
+                    robot.intake.set(-1);
+                } else {
+                    if (!auto) {
+                        robot.intake.set(0);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if(gamepad2.dpad_down) {
+                    robot.topFly.set(0);
+                    robot.bottomFly.set(0);
+                }
+
+
+            if (gamepad2.dpad_up) {
+                if(!auto) {
+                    auto = true;
+                    driveRIGGED.followTrajectorySequenceAsync(shootSeq);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (gamepad2.dpad_right) {
+                driveRIGGED.followTrajectorySequenceAsync(runUp);
+            }
+
+            telemetry.addData("Shooting", shooting[0]);
+            telemetry.addData("RR Busy", drive.isBusy());
+
+            // Update the localizer
+            drive.getLocalizer().update();
+            // Print pose to telemetry
+            telemetry.addData("totalHeading", totalHeading);
+            telemetry.addData("theta", theta);
+            telemetry.addData("x", poseEstimate.getX());
+            telemetry.addData("y", poseEstimate.getY());
+            telemetry.addData("heading", poseEstimate.getHeading());
+            telemetry.addData("auton", auto);
+            telemetry.update();
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        while (!isStopRequested() && opModeIsActive());
+    }
+
+    private static void stopAll(Hware robot) {
+        robot.intake.set(0);
+        robot.topFly.set(0);
+        robot.bottomFly.set(0);
+        robot.activeTransfer.setPosition(0.85);
+    }
+
+    private static void cancelTrajectorySequenceCompat(Object drive) {
+        if (invokeIfExists(drive, "cancelTrajectorySequence")) return;
+        if (invokeIfExists(drive, "cancelFollowing")) return;
+        if (invokeIfExists(drive, "breakFollowing")) return;
+        try {
+            Method m = drive.getClass().getMethod("setDrivePower", Pose2d.class);
+            m.invoke(drive, new Pose2d(0, 0, 0));
+        } catch (Exception ignored) {}
+    }
+
+    private static boolean invokeIfExists(Object obj, String methodName) {
+        try {
+            Method m = obj.getClass().getMethod(methodName);
+            m.invoke(obj);
+            return true;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/ServoTesting.java

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.control.PIDFController;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Vector2d;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.drivebase.MecanumDrive;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.gamepad.GamepadEx;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.gamepad.GamepadKeys;
+import com.arcrobotics.ftclib.hardware.motors.Motor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.TeleOp;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.Gamepad;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.Telemetry;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.advanced.PoseStorage;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.TrajectorySequence;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
+
+@TeleOp (name = "Servo")
+@Config
+public class ServoTesting extends LinearOpMode {
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+
+        /** SETUP **/
+
+        // Hardware Map Setup
+        Hware robot = new Hware();
+        robot.initialize(hardwareMap);
+
+        GamepadEx armControl = new GamepadEx(gamepad2);
+
+
+        waitForStart();
+        while (opModeIsActive()) {
+                if (armControl.getTrigger(GamepadKeys.Trigger.RIGHT_TRIGGER) > 0.5) {
+                    robot.launchHood.setPosition(0.35);
+                } else if (armControl.getTrigger(GamepadKeys.Trigger.LEFT_TRIGGER) > 0.5) {
+                    robot.launchHood.setPosition(0.85);
+                }
+
+            if (armControl.getButton(GamepadKeys.Button.DPAD_UP)) {
+                robot.activeTransfer.setPosition(1);
+            } else if (armControl.getButton(GamepadKeys.Button.DPAD_DOWN)) {
+                robot.activeTransfer.setPosition(0.85);
+            }
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        while (!isStopRequested() && opModeIsActive());
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/DriveConstants.java

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.qualcomm.hardware.rev.RevHubOrientationOnRobot;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.PIDFCoefficients;
+
+/*
+ * Constants shared between multiple drive types.
+ *
+ * TODO: Tune or adjust the following constants to fit your robot. Note that the non-final
+ * fields may also be edited through the dashboard (connect to the robot's WiFi network and
+ * navigate to https://192.168.49.1:8080/dash). Make sure to save the values here after you
+ * adjust them in the dashboard; **config variable changes don't persist between app restarts**.
+ *
+ * These are not the only parameters; some are located in the localizer classes, drive base classes,
+ * and op modes themselves.
+ */
+@Config
+public class DriveConstants {
+
+    /*
+     * These are motor constants that should be listed online for your motors.
+     */
+    public static final double TICKS_PER_REV = 384.5;
+    public static final double MAX_RPM = 435;
+
+    /*
+     * Set RUN_USING_ENCODER to true to enable built-in hub velocity control using drive encoders.
+     * Set this flag to false if drive encoders are not present and an alternative localization
+     * method is in use (e.g., tracking wheels).
+     *
+     * If using the built-in motor velocity PID, update MOTOR_VELO_PID with the tuned coefficients
+     * from DriveVelocityPIDTuner.
+     */
+    public static final boolean RUN_USING_ENCODER = false;
+    public static PIDFCoefficients MOTOR_VELO_PID = new PIDFCoefficients(0, 0, 0,
+            getMotorVelocityF(MAX_RPM / 60 * TICKS_PER_REV));
+
+    /*
+     * These are physical constants that can be determined from your robot (including the track
+     * width; it will be tune empirically later although a rough estimate is important). Users are
+     * free to chose whichever linear distance unit they would like so long as it is consistently
+     * used. The default values were selected with inches in mind. Road runner uses radians for
+     * angular distances although most angular parameters are wrapped in Math.toRadians() for
+     * convenience. Make sure to exclude any gear ratio included in MOTOR_CONFIG from GEAR_RATIO.
+     */
+    public static double WHEEL_RADIUS = 1.8898; // in
+    public static double GEAR_RATIO = (24 / 22); // output (wheel) speed / input (motor) speed
+    public static double TRACK_WIDTH = 12.3; // in
+
+    /*
+     * These are the feedforward parameters used to model the drive motor behavior. If you are using
+     * the built-in velocity PID, *these values are fine as is*. However, if you do not have drive
+     * motor encoders or have elected not to use them for velocity control, these values should be
+     * empirically tuned.
+     */
+    public static double kV = 1.0 / rpmToVelocity(MAX_RPM);
+    public static double kA = 0;
+    public static double kStatic = 0;
+
+    /*
+     * These values are used to generate the trajectories for you robot. To ensure proper operation,
+     * the constraints should never exceed ~80% of the robot's actual capabilities. While Road
+     * Runner is designed to enable faster autonomous motion, it is a good idea for testing to start
+     * small and gradually increase them later after everything is working. All distance units are
+     * inches.
+     */
+    public static double MAX_VEL = 60;
+    public static double MAX_ACCEL = 60;
+    public static double MAX_ANG_VEL = Math.toRadians(90);
+    public static double MAX_ANG_ACCEL = Math.toRadians(90);
+
+    /*
+     * Adjust the orientations here to match your robot. See the FTC SDK documentation for details.
+     */
+    public static RevHubOrientationOnRobot.LogoFacingDirection LOGO_FACING_DIR =
+            RevHubOrientationOnRobot.LogoFacingDirection.RIGHT;
+    public static RevHubOrientationOnRobot.UsbFacingDirection USB_FACING_DIR =
+            RevHubOrientationOnRobot.UsbFacingDirection.UP;
+
+
+    public static double encoderTicksToInches(double ticks) {
+        return WHEEL_RADIUS * 2 * Math.PI * GEAR_RATIO * ticks / TICKS_PER_REV;
+    }
+
+    public static double rpmToVelocity(double rpm) {
+        return rpm * GEAR_RATIO * 2 * Math.PI * WHEEL_RADIUS / 60.0;
+    }
+
+    public static double getMotorVelocityF(double ticksPerSecond) {
+        // see https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tyWrXDfMidwYyP_5H4mZyVgaEswhOC35gvdmP-V-5hA/edit#heading=h.61g9ixenznbx
+        return 32767 / ticksPerSecond;
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/SampleMecanumDrive.java

@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.control.PIDCoefficients;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.drive.DriveSignal;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.drive.MecanumDrive;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.followers.HolonomicPIDVAFollower;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.followers.TrajectoryFollower;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.Trajectory;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.TrajectoryBuilder;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.AngularVelocityConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.MecanumVelocityConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.MinVelocityConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.ProfileAccelerationConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.TrajectoryVelocityConstraint;
+import com.qualcomm.hardware.lynx.LynxModule;
+import com.qualcomm.hardware.rev.RevHubOrientationOnRobot;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotorEx;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotorSimple;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.HardwareMap;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.IMU;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.PIDFCoefficients;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.VoltageSensor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.configuration.typecontainers.MotorConfigurationType;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.navigation.AngleUnit;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.TrajectorySequence;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.TrajectorySequenceBuilder;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.TrajectorySequenceRunner;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util.LynxModuleUtil;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_ACCEL;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_ANG_ACCEL;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_ANG_VEL;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_VEL;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MOTOR_VELO_PID;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.RUN_USING_ENCODER;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.TRACK_WIDTH;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.encoderTicksToInches;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.kA;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.kStatic;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.kV;
+
+/*
+ * Simple mecanum drive hardware implementation for REV hardware.
+ */
+@Config
+public class SampleMecanumDrive extends MecanumDrive {
+    public static PIDCoefficients TRANSLATIONAL_PID = new PIDCoefficients(0, 0, 0);
+    public static PIDCoefficients HEADING_PID = new PIDCoefficients(0, 0, 0);
+
+    public static double LATERAL_MULTIPLIER = 1;
+
+    public static double VX_WEIGHT = 1;
+    public static double VY_WEIGHT = 1;
+    public static double OMEGA_WEIGHT = 1;
+
+    private TrajectorySequenceRunner trajectorySequenceRunner;
+
+    private static final TrajectoryVelocityConstraint VEL_CONSTRAINT = getVelocityConstraint(MAX_VEL, MAX_ANG_VEL, TRACK_WIDTH);
+    private static final TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint ACCEL_CONSTRAINT = getAccelerationConstraint(MAX_ACCEL);
+
+    private TrajectoryFollower follower;
+
+    private DcMotorEx leftFront, leftRear, rightRear, rightFront;
+    private List<DcMotorEx> motors;
+
+    private IMU imu;
+    private VoltageSensor batteryVoltageSensor;
+
+    private List<Integer> lastEncPositions = new ArrayList<>();
+    private List<Integer> lastEncVels = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    public SampleMecanumDrive(HardwareMap hardwareMap) {
+        super(kV, kA, kStatic, TRACK_WIDTH, TRACK_WIDTH, LATERAL_MULTIPLIER);
+
+        follower = new HolonomicPIDVAFollower(TRANSLATIONAL_PID, TRANSLATIONAL_PID, HEADING_PID,
+                new Pose2d(0.5, 0.5, Math.toRadians(5.0)), 0.5);
+
+        LynxModuleUtil.ensureMinimumFirmwareVersion(hardwareMap);
+
+        batteryVoltageSensor = hardwareMap.voltageSensor.iterator().next();
+
+        for (LynxModule module : hardwareMap.getAll(LynxModule.class)) {
+            module.setBulkCachingMode(LynxModule.BulkCachingMode.AUTO);
+        }
+
+        // TODO: adjust the names of the following hardware devices to match your configuration
+//        imu = hardwareMap.get(IMU.class, "imu");
+//        IMU.Parameters parameters = new IMU.Parameters(new RevHubOrientationOnRobot(
+//                DriveConstants.LOGO_FACING_DIR, DriveConstants.USB_FACING_DIR));
+//        imu.initialize(parameters);
+
+        leftFront = hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "frontLeft");
+        leftRear = hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "backLeft");
+        rightRear = hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "backRight");
+        rightFront = hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "frontRight");
+
+        motors = Arrays.asList(leftFront, leftRear, rightRear, rightFront);
+
+        for (DcMotorEx motor : motors) {
+            MotorConfigurationType motorConfigurationType = motor.getMotorType().clone();
+            motorConfigurationType.setAchieveableMaxRPMFraction(1.0);
+            motor.setMotorType(motorConfigurationType);
+        }
+
+        if (RUN_USING_ENCODER) {
+            setMode(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_USING_ENCODER);
+        }
+
+        setZeroPowerBehavior(DcMotor.ZeroPowerBehavior.BRAKE);
+
+        if (RUN_USING_ENCODER && MOTOR_VELO_PID != null) {
+            setPIDFCoefficients(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_USING_ENCODER, MOTOR_VELO_PID);
+        }
+
+        // TODO: reverse any motors using DcMotor.setDirection()
+        leftFront.setDirection(DcMotorSimple.Direction.REVERSE);
+        leftRear.setDirection(DcMotorSimple.Direction.REVERSE);
+
+        List<Integer> lastTrackingEncPositions = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<Integer> lastTrackingEncVels = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        // TODO: if desired, use setLocalizer() to change the localization method
+        setLocalizer(new StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer(hardwareMap, lastTrackingEncPositions, lastTrackingEncVels));
+
+        trajectorySequenceRunner = new TrajectorySequenceRunner(
+                follower, HEADING_PID, batteryVoltageSensor,
+                lastEncPositions, lastEncVels, lastTrackingEncPositions, lastTrackingEncVels
+        );
+    }
+
+    public TrajectoryBuilder trajectoryBuilder(Pose2d startPose) {
+        return new TrajectoryBuilder(startPose, VEL_CONSTRAINT, ACCEL_CONSTRAINT);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectoryBuilder trajectoryBuilder(Pose2d startPose, boolean reversed) {
+        return new TrajectoryBuilder(startPose, reversed, VEL_CONSTRAINT, ACCEL_CONSTRAINT);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectoryBuilder trajectoryBuilder(Pose2d startPose, double startHeading) {
+        return new TrajectoryBuilder(startPose, startHeading, VEL_CONSTRAINT, ACCEL_CONSTRAINT);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder trajectorySequenceBuilder(Pose2d startPose) {
+        return new TrajectorySequenceBuilder(
+                startPose,
+                VEL_CONSTRAINT, ACCEL_CONSTRAINT,
+                MAX_ANG_VEL, MAX_ANG_ACCEL
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void turnAsync(double angle) {
+        trajectorySequenceRunner.followTrajectorySequenceAsync(
+                trajectorySequenceBuilder(getPoseEstimate())
+                        .turn(angle)
+                        .build()
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void turn(double angle) {
+        turnAsync(angle);
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    public void followTrajectoryAsync(Trajectory trajectory) {
+        trajectorySequenceRunner.followTrajectorySequenceAsync(
+                trajectorySequenceBuilder(trajectory.start())
+                        .addTrajectory(trajectory)
+                        .build()
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void followTrajectory(Trajectory trajectory) {
+        followTrajectoryAsync(trajectory);
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    public void followTrajectorySequenceAsync(TrajectorySequence trajectorySequence) {
+        trajectorySequenceRunner.followTrajectorySequenceAsync(trajectorySequence);
+    }
+
+    public void followTrajectorySequence(TrajectorySequence trajectorySequence) {
+        followTrajectorySequenceAsync(trajectorySequence);
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    public Pose2d getLastError() {
+        return trajectorySequenceRunner.getLastPoseError();
+    }
+
+    public void update() {
+        updatePoseEstimate();
+        DriveSignal signal = trajectorySequenceRunner.update(getPoseEstimate(), getPoseVelocity());
+        if (signal != null) setDriveSignal(signal);
+    }
+
+    public void waitForIdle() {
+        while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted() && isBusy())
+            update();
+    }
+
+    public boolean isBusy() {
+        return trajectorySequenceRunner.isBusy();
+    }
+
+    public void setMode(DcMotor.RunMode runMode) {
+        for (DcMotorEx motor : motors) {
+            motor.setMode(runMode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setZeroPowerBehavior(DcMotor.ZeroPowerBehavior zeroPowerBehavior) {
+        for (DcMotorEx motor : motors) {
+            motor.setZeroPowerBehavior(zeroPowerBehavior);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setPIDFCoefficients(DcMotor.RunMode runMode, PIDFCoefficients coefficients) {
+        PIDFCoefficients compensatedCoefficients = new PIDFCoefficients(
+                coefficients.p, coefficients.i, coefficients.d,
+                coefficients.f * 12 / batteryVoltageSensor.getVoltage()
+        );
+
+        for (DcMotorEx motor : motors) {
+            motor.setPIDFCoefficients(runMode, compensatedCoefficients);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setWeightedDrivePower(Pose2d drivePower) {
+        Pose2d vel = drivePower;
+
+        if (Math.abs(drivePower.getX()) + Math.abs(drivePower.getY())
+                + Math.abs(drivePower.getHeading()) > 1) {
+            // re-normalize the powers according to the weights
+            double denom = VX_WEIGHT * Math.abs(drivePower.getX())
+                    + VY_WEIGHT * Math.abs(drivePower.getY())
+                    + OMEGA_WEIGHT * Math.abs(drivePower.getHeading());
+
+            vel = new Pose2d(
+                    VX_WEIGHT * drivePower.getX(),
+                    VY_WEIGHT * drivePower.getY(),
+                    OMEGA_WEIGHT * drivePower.getHeading()
+            ).div(denom);
+        }
+
+        setDrivePower(vel);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    @Override
+    public List<Double> getWheelPositions() {
+        lastEncPositions.clear();
+
+        List<Double> wheelPositions = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (DcMotorEx motor : motors) {
+            int position = motor.getCurrentPosition();
+            lastEncPositions.add(position);
+            wheelPositions.add(encoderTicksToInches(position));
+        }
+        return wheelPositions;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<Double> getWheelVelocities() {
+        lastEncVels.clear();
+
+        List<Double> wheelVelocities = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (DcMotorEx motor : motors) {
+            int vel = (int) motor.getVelocity();
+            lastEncVels.add(vel);
+            wheelVelocities.add(encoderTicksToInches(vel));
+        }
+        return wheelVelocities;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setMotorPowers(double v, double v1, double v2, double v3) {
+        leftFront.setPower(v);
+        leftRear.setPower(v1);
+        rightRear.setPower(v2);
+        rightFront.setPower(v3);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double getRawExternalHeading() {
+        return imu.getRobotYawPitchRollAngles().getYaw(AngleUnit.RADIANS);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Double getExternalHeadingVelocity() {
+        return (double) imu.getRobotAngularVelocity(AngleUnit.RADIANS).zRotationRate;
+    }
+
+    public static TrajectoryVelocityConstraint getVelocityConstraint(double maxVel, double maxAngularVel, double trackWidth) {
+        return new MinVelocityConstraint(Arrays.asList(
+                new AngularVelocityConstraint(maxAngularVel),
+                new MecanumVelocityConstraint(maxVel, trackWidth)
+        ));
+    }
+
+    public static TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint getAccelerationConstraint(double maxAccel) {
+        return new ProfileAccelerationConstraint(maxAccel);
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/SampleMecanumDriveRIGGED.java

@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive;
+
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_ACCEL;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_ANG_ACCEL;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_ANG_VEL;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_VEL;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MOTOR_VELO_PID;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.RUN_USING_ENCODER;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.TRACK_WIDTH;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.encoderTicksToInches;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.kA;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.kStatic;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.kV;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.control.PIDCoefficients;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.drive.DriveSignal;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.drive.MecanumDrive;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.followers.HolonomicPIDVAFollower;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.followers.TrajectoryFollower;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.Trajectory;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.TrajectoryBuilder;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.AngularVelocityConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.MecanumVelocityConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.MinVelocityConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.ProfileAccelerationConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.TrajectoryVelocityConstraint;
+import com.qualcomm.hardware.lynx.LynxModule;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotorEx;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotorSimple;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.HardwareMap;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.IMU;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.PIDFCoefficients;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.VoltageSensor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.configuration.typecontainers.MotorConfigurationType;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.navigation.AngleUnit;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.TrajectorySequence;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.TrajectorySequenceBuilder;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.TrajectorySequenceRunner;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util.LynxModuleUtil;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/*
+ * Simple mecanum drive hardware implementation for REV hardware.
+ */
+@Config
+public class SampleMecanumDriveRIGGED extends MecanumDrive {
+    public static PIDCoefficients TRANSLATIONAL_PID = new PIDCoefficients(0, 0, 0);
+    public static PIDCoefficients HEADING_PID = new PIDCoefficients(0, 0, 0);
+
+    public static double LATERAL_MULTIPLIER = 1;
+
+    public static double VX_WEIGHT = 1;
+    public static double VY_WEIGHT = 1;
+    public static double OMEGA_WEIGHT = 1;
+
+    private TrajectorySequenceRunner trajectorySequenceRunner;
+
+    private static final TrajectoryVelocityConstraint VEL_CONSTRAINT = getVelocityConstraint(MAX_VEL, MAX_ANG_VEL, TRACK_WIDTH);
+    private static final TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint ACCEL_CONSTRAINT = getAccelerationConstraint(MAX_ACCEL);
+
+    private TrajectoryFollower follower;
+
+    private DcMotorEx leftFront, leftRear, rightRear, rightFront;
+    private List<DcMotorEx> motors;
+
+    private IMU imu;
+    private VoltageSensor batteryVoltageSensor;
+
+    private List<Integer> lastEncPositions = new ArrayList<>();
+    private List<Integer> lastEncVels = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    public SampleMecanumDriveRIGGED(HardwareMap hardwareMap) {
+        super(kV, kA, kStatic, TRACK_WIDTH, TRACK_WIDTH, LATERAL_MULTIPLIER);
+
+        follower = new HolonomicPIDVAFollower(TRANSLATIONAL_PID, TRANSLATIONAL_PID, HEADING_PID,
+                new Pose2d(0.5, 0.5, Math.toRadians(5.0)), 0.5);
+
+        LynxModuleUtil.ensureMinimumFirmwareVersion(hardwareMap);
+
+        batteryVoltageSensor = hardwareMap.voltageSensor.iterator().next();
+
+        for (LynxModule module : hardwareMap.getAll(LynxModule.class)) {
+            module.setBulkCachingMode(LynxModule.BulkCachingMode.AUTO);
+        }
+
+        // TODO: adjust the names of the following hardware devices to match your configuration
+//        imu = hardwareMap.get(IMU.class, "imu");
+//        IMU.Parameters parameters = new IMU.Parameters(new RevHubOrientationOnRobot(
+//                DriveConstants.LOGO_FACING_DIR, DriveConstants.USB_FACING_DIR));
+//        imu.initialize(parameters);
+
+        leftFront = hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "frontLeft");
+        leftRear = hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "backLeft");
+        rightRear = hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "backRight");
+        rightFront = hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "frontRight");
+
+        motors = Arrays.asList(leftFront, leftRear, rightRear, rightFront);
+
+        for (DcMotorEx motor : motors) {
+            MotorConfigurationType motorConfigurationType = motor.getMotorType().clone();
+            motorConfigurationType.setAchieveableMaxRPMFraction(1.0);
+            motor.setMotorType(motorConfigurationType);
+        }
+
+        if (RUN_USING_ENCODER) {
+            setMode(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_USING_ENCODER);
+        }
+
+        setZeroPowerBehavior(DcMotor.ZeroPowerBehavior.BRAKE);
+
+        if (RUN_USING_ENCODER && MOTOR_VELO_PID != null) {
+            setPIDFCoefficients(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_USING_ENCODER, MOTOR_VELO_PID);
+        }
+
+        // TODO: reverse any motors using DcMotor.setDirection()
+        leftFront.setDirection(DcMotorSimple.Direction.REVERSE);
+        leftRear.setDirection(DcMotorSimple.Direction.REVERSE);
+
+        List<Integer> lastTrackingEncPositions = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<Integer> lastTrackingEncVels = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        // TODO: if desired, use setLocalizer() to change the localization method
+        setLocalizer(new StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer(hardwareMap, lastTrackingEncPositions, lastTrackingEncVels));
+
+        trajectorySequenceRunner = new TrajectorySequenceRunner(
+                follower, HEADING_PID, batteryVoltageSensor,
+                lastEncPositions, lastEncVels, lastTrackingEncPositions, lastTrackingEncVels
+        );
+    }
+
+    public TrajectoryBuilder trajectoryBuilder(Pose2d startPose) {
+        return new TrajectoryBuilder(startPose, VEL_CONSTRAINT, ACCEL_CONSTRAINT);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectoryBuilder trajectoryBuilder(Pose2d startPose, boolean reversed) {
+        return new TrajectoryBuilder(startPose, reversed, VEL_CONSTRAINT, ACCEL_CONSTRAINT);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectoryBuilder trajectoryBuilder(Pose2d startPose, double startHeading) {
+        return new TrajectoryBuilder(startPose, startHeading, VEL_CONSTRAINT, ACCEL_CONSTRAINT);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder trajectorySequenceBuilder(Pose2d startPose) {
+        return new TrajectorySequenceBuilder(
+                startPose,
+                VEL_CONSTRAINT, ACCEL_CONSTRAINT,
+                MAX_ANG_VEL, MAX_ANG_ACCEL
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void turnAsync(double angle) {
+        trajectorySequenceRunner.followTrajectorySequenceAsync(
+                trajectorySequenceBuilder(getPoseEstimate())
+                        .turn(angle)
+                        .build()
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void turn(double angle) {
+        turnAsync(angle);
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    public void followTrajectoryAsync(Trajectory trajectory) {
+        trajectorySequenceRunner.followTrajectorySequenceAsync(
+                trajectorySequenceBuilder(trajectory.start())
+                        .addTrajectory(trajectory)
+                        .build()
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void followTrajectory(Trajectory trajectory) {
+        followTrajectoryAsync(trajectory);
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    public void followTrajectorySequenceAsync(TrajectorySequence trajectorySequence) {
+        trajectorySequenceRunner.followTrajectorySequenceAsync(trajectorySequence);
+    }
+
+    public void followTrajectorySequence(TrajectorySequence trajectorySequence) {
+        followTrajectorySequenceAsync(trajectorySequence);
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    public Pose2d getLastError() {
+        return trajectorySequenceRunner.getLastPoseError();
+    }
+
+    public void update() {
+        updatePoseEstimate();
+        DriveSignal signal = trajectorySequenceRunner.update(getPoseEstimate(), getPoseVelocity());
+        if (signal != null) setDriveSignal(signal);
+    }
+
+    public void waitForIdle() {
+        while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted() && isBusy())
+            update();
+    }
+
+    public boolean isBusy() {
+        return trajectorySequenceRunner.isBusy();
+    }
+
+    public void setMode(DcMotor.RunMode runMode) {
+        for (DcMotorEx motor : motors) {
+            motor.setMode(runMode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setZeroPowerBehavior(DcMotor.ZeroPowerBehavior zeroPowerBehavior) {
+        for (DcMotorEx motor : motors) {
+            motor.setZeroPowerBehavior(zeroPowerBehavior);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setPIDFCoefficients(DcMotor.RunMode runMode, PIDFCoefficients coefficients) {
+        PIDFCoefficients compensatedCoefficients = new PIDFCoefficients(
+                coefficients.p, coefficients.i, coefficients.d,
+                coefficients.f * 12 / batteryVoltageSensor.getVoltage()
+        );
+
+        for (DcMotorEx motor : motors) {
+            motor.setPIDFCoefficients(runMode, compensatedCoefficients);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setWeightedDrivePower(Pose2d drivePower) {
+        Pose2d vel = drivePower;
+
+        if (Math.abs(drivePower.getX()) + Math.abs(drivePower.getY())
+                + Math.abs(drivePower.getHeading()) > 1) {
+            // re-normalize the powers according to the weights
+            double denom = VX_WEIGHT * Math.abs(drivePower.getX())
+                    + VY_WEIGHT * Math.abs(drivePower.getY())
+                    + OMEGA_WEIGHT * Math.abs(drivePower.getHeading());
+
+            vel = new Pose2d(
+                    VX_WEIGHT * drivePower.getX(),
+                    VY_WEIGHT * drivePower.getY(),
+                    OMEGA_WEIGHT * drivePower.getHeading()
+            ).div(denom);
+        }
+
+        setDrivePower(vel);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    @Override
+    public List<Double> getWheelPositions() {
+        lastEncPositions.clear();
+
+        List<Double> wheelPositions = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (DcMotorEx motor : motors) {
+            int position = motor.getCurrentPosition();
+            lastEncPositions.add(position);
+            wheelPositions.add(encoderTicksToInches(position));
+        }
+        return wheelPositions;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<Double> getWheelVelocities() {
+        lastEncVels.clear();
+
+        List<Double> wheelVelocities = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (DcMotorEx motor : motors) {
+            int vel = (int) motor.getVelocity();
+            lastEncVels.add(vel);
+            wheelVelocities.add(encoderTicksToInches(vel));
+        }
+        return wheelVelocities;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setMotorPowers(double v, double v1, double v2, double v3) {
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double getRawExternalHeading() {
+        return imu.getRobotYawPitchRollAngles().getYaw(AngleUnit.RADIANS);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Double getExternalHeadingVelocity() {
+        return (double) imu.getRobotAngularVelocity(AngleUnit.RADIANS).zRotationRate;
+    }
+
+    public static TrajectoryVelocityConstraint getVelocityConstraint(double maxVel, double maxAngularVel, double trackWidth) {
+        return new MinVelocityConstraint(Arrays.asList(
+                new AngularVelocityConstraint(maxAngularVel),
+                new MecanumVelocityConstraint(maxVel, trackWidth)
+        ));
+    }
+
+    public static TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint getAccelerationConstraint(double maxAccel) {
+        return new ProfileAccelerationConstraint(maxAccel);
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/SampleTankDrive.java

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.control.PIDCoefficients;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.drive.DriveSignal;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.drive.TankDrive;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.followers.TankPIDVAFollower;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.followers.TrajectoryFollower;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.Trajectory;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.TrajectoryBuilder;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.AngularVelocityConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.MinVelocityConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.ProfileAccelerationConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.TankVelocityConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.TrajectoryVelocityConstraint;
+import com.qualcomm.hardware.lynx.LynxModule;
+import com.qualcomm.hardware.rev.RevHubOrientationOnRobot;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotorEx;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.HardwareMap;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.IMU;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.PIDFCoefficients;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.VoltageSensor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.configuration.typecontainers.MotorConfigurationType;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.navigation.AngleUnit;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.TrajectorySequence;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.TrajectorySequenceBuilder;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.TrajectorySequenceRunner;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util.LynxModuleUtil;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_ACCEL;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_ANG_ACCEL;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_ANG_VEL;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_VEL;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MOTOR_VELO_PID;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.RUN_USING_ENCODER;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.TRACK_WIDTH;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.encoderTicksToInches;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.kA;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.kStatic;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.kV;
+
+/*
+ * Simple tank drive hardware implementation for REV hardware.
+ */
+@Config
+public class SampleTankDrive extends TankDrive {
+    public static PIDCoefficients AXIAL_PID = new PIDCoefficients(0, 0, 0);
+    public static PIDCoefficients CROSS_TRACK_PID = new PIDCoefficients(0, 0, 0);
+    public static PIDCoefficients HEADING_PID = new PIDCoefficients(0, 0, 0);
+
+    public static double VX_WEIGHT = 1;
+    public static double OMEGA_WEIGHT = 1;
+
+    private TrajectorySequenceRunner trajectorySequenceRunner;
+
+    private static final TrajectoryVelocityConstraint VEL_CONSTRAINT = getVelocityConstraint(MAX_VEL, MAX_ANG_VEL, TRACK_WIDTH);
+    private static final TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint accelConstraint = getAccelerationConstraint(MAX_ACCEL);
+
+    private TrajectoryFollower follower;
+
+    private List<DcMotorEx> motors, leftMotors, rightMotors;
+    private IMU imu;
+
+    private VoltageSensor batteryVoltageSensor;
+
+    public SampleTankDrive(HardwareMap hardwareMap) {
+        super(kV, kA, kStatic, TRACK_WIDTH);
+
+        follower = new TankPIDVAFollower(AXIAL_PID, CROSS_TRACK_PID,
+                new Pose2d(0.5, 0.5, Math.toRadians(5.0)), 0.5);
+
+        LynxModuleUtil.ensureMinimumFirmwareVersion(hardwareMap);
+
+        batteryVoltageSensor = hardwareMap.voltageSensor.iterator().next();
+
+        for (LynxModule module : hardwareMap.getAll(LynxModule.class)) {
+            module.setBulkCachingMode(LynxModule.BulkCachingMode.AUTO);
+        }
+
+        // TODO: adjust the names of the following hardware devices to match your configuration
+        imu = hardwareMap.get(IMU.class, "imu");
+        IMU.Parameters parameters = new IMU.Parameters(new RevHubOrientationOnRobot(
+                DriveConstants.LOGO_FACING_DIR, DriveConstants.USB_FACING_DIR));
+        imu.initialize(parameters);
+
+        // add/remove motors depending on your robot (e.g., 6WD)
+        DcMotorEx leftFront = hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "leftFront");
+        DcMotorEx leftRear = hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "leftRear");
+        DcMotorEx rightRear = hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "rightRear");
+        DcMotorEx rightFront = hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "rightFront");
+
+        motors = Arrays.asList(leftFront, leftRear, rightRear, rightFront);
+        leftMotors = Arrays.asList(leftFront, leftRear);
+        rightMotors = Arrays.asList(rightFront, rightRear);
+
+        for (DcMotorEx motor : motors) {
+            MotorConfigurationType motorConfigurationType = motor.getMotorType().clone();
+            motorConfigurationType.setAchieveableMaxRPMFraction(1.0);
+            motor.setMotorType(motorConfigurationType);
+        }
+
+        if (RUN_USING_ENCODER) {
+            setMode(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_USING_ENCODER);
+        }
+
+        setZeroPowerBehavior(DcMotor.ZeroPowerBehavior.BRAKE);
+
+        if (RUN_USING_ENCODER && MOTOR_VELO_PID != null) {
+            setPIDFCoefficients(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_USING_ENCODER, MOTOR_VELO_PID);
+        }
+
+        // TODO: reverse any motors using DcMotor.setDirection()
+
+        // TODO: if desired, use setLocalizer() to change the localization method
+        // for instance, setLocalizer(new ThreeTrackingWheelLocalizer(...));
+
+        trajectorySequenceRunner = new TrajectorySequenceRunner(
+                follower, HEADING_PID, batteryVoltageSensor,
+                new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>()
+        );
+    }
+
+    public TrajectoryBuilder trajectoryBuilder(Pose2d startPose) {
+        return new TrajectoryBuilder(startPose, VEL_CONSTRAINT, accelConstraint);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectoryBuilder trajectoryBuilder(Pose2d startPose, boolean reversed) {
+        return new TrajectoryBuilder(startPose, reversed, VEL_CONSTRAINT, accelConstraint);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectoryBuilder trajectoryBuilder(Pose2d startPose, double startHeading) {
+        return new TrajectoryBuilder(startPose, startHeading, VEL_CONSTRAINT, accelConstraint);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder trajectorySequenceBuilder(Pose2d startPose) {
+        return new TrajectorySequenceBuilder(
+                startPose,
+                VEL_CONSTRAINT, accelConstraint,
+                MAX_ANG_VEL, MAX_ANG_ACCEL
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void turnAsync(double angle) {
+        trajectorySequenceRunner.followTrajectorySequenceAsync(
+                trajectorySequenceBuilder(getPoseEstimate())
+                        .turn(angle)
+                        .build()
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void turn(double angle) {
+        turnAsync(angle);
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    public void followTrajectoryAsync(Trajectory trajectory) {
+        trajectorySequenceRunner.followTrajectorySequenceAsync(
+                trajectorySequenceBuilder(trajectory.start())
+                        .addTrajectory(trajectory)
+                        .build()
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void followTrajectory(Trajectory trajectory) {
+        followTrajectoryAsync(trajectory);
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    public void followTrajectorySequenceAsync(TrajectorySequence trajectorySequence) {
+        trajectorySequenceRunner.followTrajectorySequenceAsync(trajectorySequence);
+    }
+
+    public void followTrajectorySequence(TrajectorySequence trajectorySequence) {
+        followTrajectorySequenceAsync(trajectorySequence);
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    public Pose2d getLastError() {
+        return trajectorySequenceRunner.getLastPoseError();
+    }
+
+
+    public void update() {
+        updatePoseEstimate();
+        DriveSignal signal = trajectorySequenceRunner.update(getPoseEstimate(), getPoseVelocity());
+        if (signal != null) setDriveSignal(signal);
+    }
+
+    public void waitForIdle() {
+        while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted() && isBusy())
+            update();
+    }
+
+    public boolean isBusy() {
+        return trajectorySequenceRunner.isBusy();
+    }
+
+    public void setMode(DcMotor.RunMode runMode) {
+        for (DcMotorEx motor : motors) {
+            motor.setMode(runMode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setZeroPowerBehavior(DcMotor.ZeroPowerBehavior zeroPowerBehavior) {
+        for (DcMotorEx motor : motors) {
+            motor.setZeroPowerBehavior(zeroPowerBehavior);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setPIDFCoefficients(DcMotor.RunMode runMode, PIDFCoefficients coefficients) {
+        PIDFCoefficients compensatedCoefficients = new PIDFCoefficients(
+                coefficients.p, coefficients.i, coefficients.d,
+                coefficients.f * 12 / batteryVoltageSensor.getVoltage()
+        );
+        for (DcMotorEx motor : motors) {
+            motor.setPIDFCoefficients(runMode, compensatedCoefficients);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setWeightedDrivePower(Pose2d drivePower) {
+        Pose2d vel = drivePower;
+
+        if (Math.abs(drivePower.getX()) + Math.abs(drivePower.getHeading()) > 1) {
+            // re-normalize the powers according to the weights
+            double denom = VX_WEIGHT * Math.abs(drivePower.getX())
+                    + OMEGA_WEIGHT * Math.abs(drivePower.getHeading());
+
+            vel = new Pose2d(
+                    VX_WEIGHT * drivePower.getX(),
+                    0,
+                    OMEGA_WEIGHT * drivePower.getHeading()
+            ).div(denom);
+        } else {
+            // Ensure the y axis is zeroed out.
+            vel = new Pose2d(drivePower.getX(), 0, drivePower.getHeading());
+        }
+
+        setDrivePower(vel);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    @Override
+    public List<Double> getWheelPositions() {
+        double leftSum = 0, rightSum = 0;
+        for (DcMotorEx leftMotor : leftMotors) {
+            leftSum += encoderTicksToInches(leftMotor.getCurrentPosition());
+        }
+        for (DcMotorEx rightMotor : rightMotors) {
+            rightSum += encoderTicksToInches(rightMotor.getCurrentPosition());
+        }
+        return Arrays.asList(leftSum / leftMotors.size(), rightSum / rightMotors.size());
+    }
+
+    public List<Double> getWheelVelocities() {
+        double leftSum = 0, rightSum = 0;
+        for (DcMotorEx leftMotor : leftMotors) {
+            leftSum += encoderTicksToInches(leftMotor.getVelocity());
+        }
+        for (DcMotorEx rightMotor : rightMotors) {
+            rightSum += encoderTicksToInches(rightMotor.getVelocity());
+        }
+        return Arrays.asList(leftSum / leftMotors.size(), rightSum / rightMotors.size());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setMotorPowers(double v, double v1) {
+        for (DcMotorEx leftMotor : leftMotors) {
+            leftMotor.setPower(v);
+        }
+        for (DcMotorEx rightMotor : rightMotors) {
+            rightMotor.setPower(v1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double getRawExternalHeading() {
+        return imu.getRobotYawPitchRollAngles().getYaw(AngleUnit.RADIANS);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Double getExternalHeadingVelocity() {
+        return (double) imu.getRobotAngularVelocity(AngleUnit.RADIANS).zRotationRate;
+    }
+
+    public static TrajectoryVelocityConstraint getVelocityConstraint(double maxVel, double maxAngularVel, double trackWidth) {
+        return new MinVelocityConstraint(Arrays.asList(
+                new AngularVelocityConstraint(maxAngularVel),
+                new TankVelocityConstraint(maxVel, trackWidth)
+        ));
+    }
+
+    public static TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint getAccelerationConstraint(double maxAccel) {
+        return new ProfileAccelerationConstraint(maxAccel);
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.localization.ThreeTrackingWheelLocalizer;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotorEx;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.HardwareMap;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util.Encoder;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/*
+ * Sample tracking wheel localizer implementation assuming the standard configuration:
+ *
+ *    /--------------\
+ *    |     ____     |
+ *    |     ----     |
+ *    | ||        || |
+ *    | ||        || |
+ *    |              |
+ *    |              |
+ *    \--------------/
+ *
+ */
+@Config
+public class StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer extends ThreeTrackingWheelLocalizer {
+    public static double TICKS_PER_REV = 2000;
+    public static double WHEEL_RADIUS = 0.944882; // in
+    public static double GEAR_RATIO = 1; // output (wheel) speed / input (encoder) speed
+
+    public static double LATERAL_DISTANCE = 6.2; // in; distance between the left and right wheels
+    public static double FORWARD_OFFSET = -6; // in; offset of the lateral wheel
+
+    private Encoder leftEncoder, rightEncoder, frontEncoder;
+
+    private List<Integer> lastEncPositions, lastEncVels;
+
+
+    public static double X_MULTIPLIER = 1; // Multiplier in the X direction
+    public static double Y_MULTIPLIER = 1; // Multiplier in the Y direction
+
+    public StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer(HardwareMap hardwareMap, List<Integer> lastTrackingEncPositions, List<Integer> lastTrackingEncVels) {
+        super(Arrays.asList(
+                new Pose2d(0, LATERAL_DISTANCE / 2, 0), // left
+                new Pose2d(0, -LATERAL_DISTANCE / 2, 0), // right
+                new Pose2d(FORWARD_OFFSET, 0, Math.toRadians(90)) // front
+        ));
+
+        lastEncPositions = lastTrackingEncPositions;
+        lastEncVels = lastTrackingEncVels;
+
+        leftEncoder = new Encoder(hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "intake"));
+        rightEncoder = new Encoder(hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "topFly"));
+        frontEncoder = new Encoder(hardwareMap.get(DcMotorEx.class, "bottomFly"));
+
+        // TODO: reverse any encoders using Encoder.setDirection(Encoder.Direction.REVERSE)
+       // leftEncoder.setDirection(Encoder.Direction.REVERSE);
+    }
+
+    public static double encoderTicksToInches(double ticks) {
+        return WHEEL_RADIUS * 2 * Math.PI * GEAR_RATIO * ticks / TICKS_PER_REV;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    @Override
+    public List<Double> getWheelPositions() {
+        int leftPos = leftEncoder.getCurrentPosition();
+        int rightPos = rightEncoder.getCurrentPosition();
+        int frontPos = frontEncoder.getCurrentPosition();
+
+        lastEncPositions.clear();
+        lastEncPositions.add(leftPos);
+        lastEncPositions.add(rightPos);
+        lastEncPositions.add(frontPos);
+
+        return Arrays.asList(
+                encoderTicksToInches(leftPos),
+                encoderTicksToInches(rightPos),
+                encoderTicksToInches(frontPos)
+        );
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    @Override
+    public List<Double> getWheelVelocities() {
+        int leftVel = (int) leftEncoder.getCorrectedVelocity();
+        int rightVel = (int) rightEncoder.getCorrectedVelocity();
+        int frontVel = (int) frontEncoder.getCorrectedVelocity();
+
+        lastEncVels.clear();
+        lastEncVels.add(leftVel);
+        lastEncVels.add(rightVel);
+        lastEncVels.add(frontVel);
+
+        return Arrays.asList(
+                encoderTicksToInches(leftVel) * X_MULTIPLIER,
+                encoderTicksToInches(rightVel) * X_MULTIPLIER,
+                encoderTicksToInches(frontVel) * Y_MULTIPLIER
+        );
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/advanced/PoseStorage.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.advanced;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+
+/**
+ * Simple static field serving as a storage medium for the bot's pose.
+ * This allows different classes/opmodes to set and read from a central source of truth.
+ * A static field allows data to persist between opmodes.
+ */
+public class PoseStorage {
+    public static Pose2d currentPose = new Pose2d(0,0,0);
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/opmode/AutomaticFeedforwardTuner.java

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.opmode;
+
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_RPM;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.RUN_USING_ENCODER;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.rpmToVelocity;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.FtcDashboard;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.telemetry.MultipleTelemetry;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.util.NanoClock;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.Autonomous;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.util.RobotLog;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.Telemetry;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.internal.system.Misc;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util.LoggingUtil;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util.RegressionUtil;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/*
+ * Op mode for computing kV, kStatic, and kA from various drive routines. For the curious, here's an
+ * outline of the procedure:
+ *   1. Slowly ramp the motor power and record encoder values along the way.
+ *   2. Run a linear regression on the encoder velocity vs. motor power plot to obtain a slope (kV)
+ *      and an optional intercept (kStatic).
+ *   3. Accelerate the robot (apply constant power) and record the encoder counts.
+ *   4. Adjust the encoder data based on the velocity tuning data and find kA with another linear
+ *      regression.
+ */
+@Config
+@Autonomous(group = "drive")
+public class AutomaticFeedforwardTuner extends LinearOpMode {
+    public static double MAX_POWER = 0.7;
+    public static double DISTANCE = 40; // in
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+        if (RUN_USING_ENCODER) {
+            RobotLog.setGlobalErrorMsg("Feedforward constants usually don't need to be tuned " +
+                    "when using the built-in drive motor velocity PID.");
+        }
+
+        Telemetry telemetry = new MultipleTelemetry(this.telemetry, FtcDashboard.getInstance().getTelemetry());
+
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        NanoClock clock = NanoClock.system();
+
+        telemetry.addLine("Press play to begin the feedforward tuning routine");
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        if (isStopRequested()) return;
+
+        telemetry.clearAll();
+        telemetry.addLine("Would you like to fit kStatic?");
+        telemetry.addLine("Press (Y/Δ) for yes, (B/O) for no");
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        boolean fitIntercept = false;
+        while (!isStopRequested()) {
+            if (gamepad1.y) {
+                fitIntercept = true;
+                while (!isStopRequested() && gamepad1.y) {
+                    idle();
+                }
+                break;
+            } else if (gamepad1.b) {
+                while (!isStopRequested() && gamepad1.b) {
+                    idle();
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            idle();
+        }
+
+        telemetry.clearAll();
+        telemetry.addLine(Misc.formatInvariant(
+                "Place your robot on the field with at least %.2f in of room in front", DISTANCE));
+        telemetry.addLine("Press (Y/Δ) to begin");
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        while (!isStopRequested() && !gamepad1.y) {
+            idle();
+        }
+        while (!isStopRequested() && gamepad1.y) {
+            idle();
+        }
+
+        telemetry.clearAll();
+        telemetry.addLine("Running...");
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        double maxVel = rpmToVelocity(MAX_RPM);
+        double finalVel = MAX_POWER * maxVel;
+        double accel = (finalVel * finalVel) / (2.0 * DISTANCE);
+        double rampTime = Math.sqrt(2.0 * DISTANCE / accel);
+
+        List<Double> timeSamples = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<Double> positionSamples = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<Double> powerSamples = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        drive.setPoseEstimate(new Pose2d());
+
+        double startTime = clock.seconds();
+        while (!isStopRequested()) {
+            double elapsedTime = clock.seconds() - startTime;
+            if (elapsedTime > rampTime) {
+                break;
+            }
+            double vel = accel * elapsedTime;
+            double power = vel / maxVel;
+
+            timeSamples.add(elapsedTime);
+            positionSamples.add(drive.getPoseEstimate().getX());
+            powerSamples.add(power);
+
+            drive.setDrivePower(new Pose2d(power, 0.0, 0.0));
+            drive.updatePoseEstimate();
+        }
+        drive.setDrivePower(new Pose2d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0));
+
+        RegressionUtil.RampResult rampResult = RegressionUtil.fitRampData(
+                timeSamples, positionSamples, powerSamples, fitIntercept,
+                LoggingUtil.getLogFile(Misc.formatInvariant(
+                        "DriveRampRegression-%d.csv", System.currentTimeMillis())));
+
+        telemetry.clearAll();
+        telemetry.addLine("Quasi-static ramp up test complete");
+        if (fitIntercept) {
+            telemetry.addLine(Misc.formatInvariant("kV = %.5f, kStatic = %.5f (R^2 = %.2f)",
+                    rampResult.kV, rampResult.kStatic, rampResult.rSquare));
+        } else {
+            telemetry.addLine(Misc.formatInvariant("kV = %.5f (R^2 = %.2f)",
+                    rampResult.kStatic, rampResult.rSquare));
+        }
+        telemetry.addLine("Would you like to fit kA?");
+        telemetry.addLine("Press (Y/Δ) for yes, (B/O) for no");
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        boolean fitAccelFF = false;
+        while (!isStopRequested()) {
+            if (gamepad1.y) {
+                fitAccelFF = true;
+                while (!isStopRequested() && gamepad1.y) {
+                    idle();
+                }
+                break;
+            } else if (gamepad1.b) {
+                while (!isStopRequested() && gamepad1.b) {
+                    idle();
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            idle();
+        }
+
+        if (fitAccelFF) {
+            telemetry.clearAll();
+            telemetry.addLine("Place the robot back in its starting position");
+            telemetry.addLine("Press (Y/Δ) to continue");
+            telemetry.update();
+
+            while (!isStopRequested() && !gamepad1.y) {
+                idle();
+            }
+            while (!isStopRequested() && gamepad1.y) {
+                idle();
+            }
+
+            telemetry.clearAll();
+            telemetry.addLine("Running...");
+            telemetry.update();
+
+            double maxPowerTime = DISTANCE / maxVel;
+
+            timeSamples.clear();
+            positionSamples.clear();
+            powerSamples.clear();
+
+            drive.setPoseEstimate(new Pose2d());
+            drive.setDrivePower(new Pose2d(MAX_POWER, 0.0, 0.0));
+
+            startTime = clock.seconds();
+            while (!isStopRequested()) {
+                double elapsedTime = clock.seconds() - startTime;
+                if (elapsedTime > maxPowerTime) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                timeSamples.add(elapsedTime);
+                positionSamples.add(drive.getPoseEstimate().getX());
+                powerSamples.add(MAX_POWER);
+
+                drive.updatePoseEstimate();
+            }
+            drive.setDrivePower(new Pose2d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0));
+
+            RegressionUtil.AccelResult accelResult = RegressionUtil.fitAccelData(
+                    timeSamples, positionSamples, powerSamples, rampResult,
+                    LoggingUtil.getLogFile(Misc.formatInvariant(
+                            "DriveAccelRegression-%d.csv", System.currentTimeMillis())));
+
+            telemetry.clearAll();
+            telemetry.addLine("Constant power test complete");
+            telemetry.addLine(Misc.formatInvariant("kA = %.5f (R^2 = %.2f)",
+                    accelResult.kA, accelResult.rSquare));
+            telemetry.update();
+        }
+
+        while (!isStopRequested()) {
+            idle();
+        }
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/opmode/BackAndForth.java

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.opmode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.Trajectory;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.Autonomous;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+
+/*
+ * Op mode for preliminary tuning of the follower PID coefficients (located in the drive base
+ * classes). The robot drives back and forth in a straight line indefinitely. Utilization of the
+ * dashboard is recommended for this tuning routine. To access the dashboard, connect your computer
+ * to the RC's WiFi network. In your browser, navigate to https://192.168.49.1:8080/dash if you're
+ * using the RC phone or https://192.168.43.1:8080/dash if you are using the Control Hub. Once
+ * you've successfully connected, start the program, and your robot will begin moving forward and
+ * backward. You should observe the target position (green) and your pose estimate (blue) and adjust
+ * your follower PID coefficients such that you follow the target position as accurately as possible.
+ * If you are using SampleMecanumDrive, you should be tuning TRANSLATIONAL_PID and HEADING_PID.
+ * If you are using SampleTankDrive, you should be tuning AXIAL_PID, CROSS_TRACK_PID, and HEADING_PID.
+ * These coefficients can be tuned live in dashboard.
+ *
+ * This opmode is designed as a convenient, coarse tuning for the follower PID coefficients. It
+ * is recommended that you use the FollowerPIDTuner opmode for further fine tuning.
+ */
+@Config
+@Autonomous(group = "drive")
+public class BackAndForth extends LinearOpMode {
+
+    public static double DISTANCE = 50;
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        Trajectory trajectoryForward = drive.trajectoryBuilder(new Pose2d())
+                .forward(DISTANCE)
+                .build();
+
+        Trajectory trajectoryBackward = drive.trajectoryBuilder(trajectoryForward.end())
+                .back(DISTANCE)
+                .build();
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        while (opModeIsActive() && !isStopRequested()) {
+            drive.followTrajectory(trajectoryForward);
+            drive.followTrajectory(trajectoryBackward);
+        }
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/opmode/DriveVelocityPIDTuner.java

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.opmode;
+
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_ACCEL;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_VEL;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MOTOR_VELO_PID;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.RUN_USING_ENCODER;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.kV;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.FtcDashboard;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.telemetry.MultipleTelemetry;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.profile.MotionProfile;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.profile.MotionProfileGenerator;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.profile.MotionState;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.util.NanoClock;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.Autonomous;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.util.RobotLog;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.Telemetry;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/*
+ * This routine is designed to tune the PID coefficients used by the REV Expansion Hubs for closed-
+ * loop velocity control. Although it may seem unnecessary, tuning these coefficients is just as
+ * important as the positional parameters. Like the other manual tuning routines, this op mode
+ * relies heavily upon the dashboard. To access the dashboard, connect your computer to the RC's
+ * WiFi network. In your browser, navigate to https://192.168.49.1:8080/dash if you're using the RC
+ * phone or https://192.168.43.1:8080/dash if you are using the Control Hub. Once you've successfully
+ * connected, start the program, and your robot will begin moving forward and backward according to
+ * a motion profile. Your job is to graph the velocity errors over time and adjust the PID
+ * coefficients (note: the tuning variable will not appear until the op mode finishes initializing).
+ * Once you've found a satisfactory set of gains, add them to the DriveConstants.java file under the
+ * MOTOR_VELO_PID field.
+ *
+ * Recommended tuning process:
+ *
+ * 1. Increase kP until any phase lag is eliminated. Concurrently increase kD as necessary to
+ *    mitigate oscillations.
+ * 2. Add kI (or adjust kF) until the steady state/constant velocity plateaus are reached.
+ * 3. Back off kP and kD a little until the response is less oscillatory (but without lag).
+ *
+ * Pressing Y/Δ (Xbox/PS4) will pause the tuning process and enter driver override, allowing the
+ * user to reset the position of the bot in the event that it drifts off the path.
+ * Pressing B/O (Xbox/PS4) will cede control back to the tuning process.
+ */
+@Config
+@Autonomous(group = "drive")
+public class DriveVelocityPIDTuner extends LinearOpMode {
+    public static double DISTANCE = 72; // in
+
+    enum Mode {
+        DRIVER_MODE,
+        TUNING_MODE
+    }
+
+    private static MotionProfile generateProfile(boolean movingForward) {
+        MotionState start = new MotionState(movingForward ? 0 : DISTANCE, 0, 0, 0);
+        MotionState goal = new MotionState(movingForward ? DISTANCE : 0, 0, 0, 0);
+        return MotionProfileGenerator.generateSimpleMotionProfile(start, goal, MAX_VEL, MAX_ACCEL);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() {
+        if (!RUN_USING_ENCODER) {
+            RobotLog.setGlobalErrorMsg("%s does not need to be run if the built-in motor velocity" +
+                    "PID is not in use", getClass().getSimpleName());
+        }
+
+        Telemetry telemetry = new MultipleTelemetry(this.telemetry, FtcDashboard.getInstance().getTelemetry());
+
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        Mode mode = Mode.TUNING_MODE;
+
+        double lastKp = MOTOR_VELO_PID.p;
+        double lastKi = MOTOR_VELO_PID.i;
+        double lastKd = MOTOR_VELO_PID.d;
+        double lastKf = MOTOR_VELO_PID.f;
+
+        drive.setPIDFCoefficients(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_USING_ENCODER, MOTOR_VELO_PID);
+
+        NanoClock clock = NanoClock.system();
+
+        telemetry.addLine("Ready!");
+        telemetry.update();
+        telemetry.clearAll();
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        if (isStopRequested()) return;
+
+        boolean movingForwards = true;
+        MotionProfile activeProfile = generateProfile(true);
+        double profileStart = clock.seconds();
+
+
+        while (!isStopRequested()) {
+            telemetry.addData("mode", mode);
+
+            switch (mode) {
+                case TUNING_MODE:
+                    if (gamepad1.y) {
+                        mode = Mode.DRIVER_MODE;
+                        drive.setMode(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_WITHOUT_ENCODER);
+                    }
+
+                    // calculate and set the motor power
+                    double profileTime = clock.seconds() - profileStart;
+
+                    if (profileTime > activeProfile.duration()) {
+                        // generate a new profile
+                        movingForwards = !movingForwards;
+                        activeProfile = generateProfile(movingForwards);
+                        profileStart = clock.seconds();
+                    }
+
+                    MotionState motionState = activeProfile.get(profileTime);
+                    double targetPower = kV * motionState.getV();
+                    drive.setDrivePower(new Pose2d(targetPower, 0, 0));
+
+                    List<Double> velocities = drive.getWheelVelocities();
+
+                    // update telemetry
+                    telemetry.addData("targetVelocity", motionState.getV());
+                    for (int i = 0; i < velocities.size(); i++) {
+                        telemetry.addData("measuredVelocity" + i, velocities.get(i));
+                        telemetry.addData(
+                                "error" + i,
+                                motionState.getV() - velocities.get(i)
+                        );
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case DRIVER_MODE:
+                    if (gamepad1.b) {
+                        drive.setMode(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_USING_ENCODER);
+
+                        mode = Mode.TUNING_MODE;
+                        movingForwards = true;
+                        activeProfile = generateProfile(movingForwards);
+                        profileStart = clock.seconds();
+                    }
+
+                    drive.setWeightedDrivePower(
+                            new Pose2d(
+                                    -gamepad1.left_stick_y,
+                                    -gamepad1.left_stick_x,
+                                    -gamepad1.right_stick_x
+                            )
+                    );
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            if (lastKp != MOTOR_VELO_PID.p || lastKd != MOTOR_VELO_PID.d
+                    || lastKi != MOTOR_VELO_PID.i || lastKf != MOTOR_VELO_PID.f) {
+                drive.setPIDFCoefficients(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_USING_ENCODER, MOTOR_VELO_PID);
+
+                lastKp = MOTOR_VELO_PID.p;
+                lastKi = MOTOR_VELO_PID.i;
+                lastKd = MOTOR_VELO_PID.d;
+                lastKf = MOTOR_VELO_PID.f;
+            }
+
+            telemetry.update();
+        }
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/opmode/FollowerPIDTuner.java

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.opmode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.Autonomous;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.TrajectorySequence;
+
+/*
+ * Op mode for preliminary tuning of the follower PID coefficients (located in the drive base
+ * classes). The robot drives in a DISTANCE-by-DISTANCE square indefinitely. Utilization of the
+ * dashboard is recommended for this tuning routine. To access the dashboard, connect your computer
+ * to the RC's WiFi network. In your browser, navigate to https://192.168.49.1:8080/dash if you're
+ * using the RC phone or https://192.168.43.1:8080/dash if you are using the Control Hub. Once
+ * you've successfully connected, start the program, and your robot will begin driving in a square.
+ * You should observe the target position (green) and your pose estimate (blue) and adjust your
+ * follower PID coefficients such that you follow the target position as accurately as possible.
+ * If you are using SampleMecanumDrive, you should be tuning TRANSLATIONAL_PID and HEADING_PID.
+ * If you are using SampleTankDrive, you should be tuning AXIAL_PID, CROSS_TRACK_PID, and HEADING_PID.
+ * These coefficients can be tuned live in dashboard.
+ */
+@Config
+@Autonomous(group = "drive")
+public class FollowerPIDTuner extends LinearOpMode {
+    public static double DISTANCE = 48; // in
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        Pose2d startPose = new Pose2d(-DISTANCE / 2, -DISTANCE / 2, 0);
+
+        drive.setPoseEstimate(startPose);
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        if (isStopRequested()) return;
+
+        while (!isStopRequested()) {
+            TrajectorySequence trajSeq = drive.trajectorySequenceBuilder(startPose)
+                    .forward(DISTANCE)
+                    .turn(Math.toRadians(90))
+                    .forward(DISTANCE)
+                    .turn(Math.toRadians(90))
+                    .forward(DISTANCE)
+                    .turn(Math.toRadians(90))
+                    .forward(DISTANCE)
+                    .turn(Math.toRadians(90))
+                    .build();
+            drive.followTrajectorySequence(trajSeq);
+        }
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/opmode/LocalizationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.opmode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.TeleOp;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotor;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+
+/**
+ * This is a simple teleop routine for testing localization. Drive the robot around like a normal
+ * teleop routine and make sure the robot's estimated pose matches the robot's actual pose (slight
+ * errors are not out of the ordinary, especially with sudden drive motions). The goal of this
+ * exercise is to ascertain whether the localizer has been configured properly (note: the pure
+ * encoder localizer heading may be significantly off if the track width has not been tuned).
+ */
+@TeleOp(group = "drive")
+public class LocalizationTest extends LinearOpMode {
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        drive.setMode(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_WITHOUT_ENCODER);
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        while (!isStopRequested()) {
+            drive.setWeightedDrivePower(
+                    new Pose2d(
+                            -gamepad1.left_stick_y,
+                            -gamepad1.left_stick_x,
+                            -gamepad1.right_stick_x
+                    )
+            );
+
+            drive.update();
+
+            Pose2d poseEstimate = drive.getPoseEstimate();
+            telemetry.addData("x", poseEstimate.getX());
+            telemetry.addData("y", poseEstimate.getY());
+            telemetry.addData("heading", poseEstimate.getHeading());
+            telemetry.update();
+        }
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/opmode/ManualFeedforwardTuner.java

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.opmode;
+
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_ACCEL;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.MAX_VEL;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.RUN_USING_ENCODER;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.kA;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.kStatic;
+import static org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants.kV;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.FtcDashboard;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.telemetry.MultipleTelemetry;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.drive.DriveSignal;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.kinematics.Kinematics;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.profile.MotionProfile;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.profile.MotionProfileGenerator;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.profile.MotionState;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.util.NanoClock;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.Autonomous;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.VoltageSensor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.util.RobotLog;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.Telemetry;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/*
+ * This routine is designed to tune the open-loop feedforward coefficients. Although it may seem unnecessary,
+ * tuning these coefficients is just as important as the positional parameters. Like the other
+ * manual tuning routines, this op mode relies heavily upon the dashboard. To access the dashboard,
+ * connect your computer to the RC's WiFi network. In your browser, navigate to
+ * https://192.168.49.1:8080/dash if you're using the RC phone or https://192.168.43.1:8080/dash if
+ * you are using the Control Hub. Once you've successfully connected, start the program, and your
+ * robot will begin moving forward and backward according to a motion profile. Your job is to graph
+ * the velocity errors over time and adjust the feedforward coefficients. Once you've found a
+ * satisfactory set of gains, add them to the appropriate fields in the DriveConstants.java file.
+ *
+ * Pressing Y/Δ (Xbox/PS4) will pause the tuning process and enter driver override, allowing the
+ * user to reset the position of the bot in the event that it drifts off the path.
+ * Pressing B/O (Xbox/PS4) will cede control back to the tuning process.
+ */
+@Config
+@Autonomous(group = "drive")
+public class ManualFeedforwardTuner extends LinearOpMode {
+    public static double DISTANCE = 72; // in
+
+    private FtcDashboard dashboard = FtcDashboard.getInstance();
+
+    private SampleMecanumDrive drive;
+
+    enum Mode {
+        DRIVER_MODE,
+        TUNING_MODE
+    }
+
+    private Mode mode;
+
+    private static MotionProfile generateProfile(boolean movingForward) {
+        MotionState start = new MotionState(movingForward ? 0 : DISTANCE, 0, 0, 0);
+        MotionState goal = new MotionState(movingForward ? DISTANCE : 0, 0, 0, 0);
+        return MotionProfileGenerator.generateSimpleMotionProfile(start, goal, MAX_VEL, MAX_ACCEL);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() {
+        if (RUN_USING_ENCODER) {
+            RobotLog.setGlobalErrorMsg("Feedforward constants usually don't need to be tuned " +
+                    "when using the built-in drive motor velocity PID.");
+        }
+
+        Telemetry telemetry = new MultipleTelemetry(this.telemetry, dashboard.getTelemetry());
+
+        drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        final VoltageSensor voltageSensor = hardwareMap.voltageSensor.iterator().next();
+
+        mode = Mode.TUNING_MODE;
+
+        NanoClock clock = NanoClock.system();
+
+        telemetry.addLine("Ready!");
+        telemetry.update();
+        telemetry.clearAll();
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        if (isStopRequested()) return;
+
+        boolean movingForwards = true;
+        MotionProfile activeProfile = generateProfile(true);
+        double profileStart = clock.seconds();
+
+
+        while (!isStopRequested()) {
+            telemetry.addData("mode", mode);
+
+            switch (mode) {
+                case TUNING_MODE:
+                    if (gamepad1.y) {
+                        mode = Mode.DRIVER_MODE;
+                    }
+
+                    // calculate and set the motor power
+                    double profileTime = clock.seconds() - profileStart;
+
+                    if (profileTime > activeProfile.duration()) {
+                        // generate a new profile
+                        movingForwards = !movingForwards;
+                        activeProfile = generateProfile(movingForwards);
+                        profileStart = clock.seconds();
+                    }
+
+                    MotionState motionState = activeProfile.get(profileTime);
+                    double targetPower = Kinematics.calculateMotorFeedforward(motionState.getV(), motionState.getA(), kV, kA, kStatic);
+
+                    final double NOMINAL_VOLTAGE = 12.0;
+                    final double voltage = voltageSensor.getVoltage();
+                    drive.setDrivePower(new Pose2d(NOMINAL_VOLTAGE / voltage * targetPower, 0, 0));
+                    drive.updatePoseEstimate();
+
+                    Pose2d poseVelo = Objects.requireNonNull(drive.getPoseVelocity(), "poseVelocity() must not be null. Ensure that the getWheelVelocities() method has been overridden in your localizer.");
+                    double currentVelo = poseVelo.getX();
+
+                    // update telemetry
+                    telemetry.addData("targetVelocity", motionState.getV());
+                    telemetry.addData("measuredVelocity", currentVelo);
+                    telemetry.addData("error", motionState.getV() - currentVelo);
+                    break;
+                case DRIVER_MODE:
+                    if (gamepad1.b) {
+                        mode = Mode.TUNING_MODE;
+                        movingForwards = true;
+                        activeProfile = generateProfile(movingForwards);
+                        profileStart = clock.seconds();
+                    }
+
+                    drive.setWeightedDrivePower(
+                            new Pose2d(
+                                    -gamepad1.left_stick_y,
+                                    -gamepad1.left_stick_x,
+                                    -gamepad1.right_stick_x
+                            )
+                    );
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            telemetry.update();
+        }
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/opmode/MaxAngularVeloTuner.java

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.opmode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.FtcDashboard;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.telemetry.MultipleTelemetry;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.Autonomous;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.util.ElapsedTime;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.Telemetry;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * This routine is designed to calculate the maximum angular velocity your bot can achieve under load.
+ * <p>
+ * Upon pressing start, your bot will turn at max power for RUNTIME seconds.
+ * <p>
+ * Further fine tuning of MAX_ANG_VEL may be desired.
+ */
+
+@Config
+@Autonomous(group = "drive")
+public class MaxAngularVeloTuner extends LinearOpMode {
+    public static double RUNTIME = 4.0;
+
+    private ElapsedTime timer;
+    private double maxAngVelocity = 0.0;
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        drive.setMode(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_WITHOUT_ENCODER);
+
+        Telemetry telemetry = new MultipleTelemetry(this.telemetry, FtcDashboard.getInstance().getTelemetry());
+
+        telemetry.addLine("Your bot will turn at full speed for " + RUNTIME + " seconds.");
+        telemetry.addLine("Please ensure you have enough space cleared.");
+        telemetry.addLine("");
+        telemetry.addLine("Press start when ready.");
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        telemetry.clearAll();
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        drive.setDrivePower(new Pose2d(0, 0, 1));
+        timer = new ElapsedTime();
+
+        while (!isStopRequested() && timer.seconds() < RUNTIME) {
+            drive.updatePoseEstimate();
+
+            Pose2d poseVelo = Objects.requireNonNull(drive.getPoseVelocity(), "poseVelocity() must not be null. Ensure that the getWheelVelocities() method has been overridden in your localizer.");
+
+            maxAngVelocity = Math.max(poseVelo.getHeading(), maxAngVelocity);
+        }
+
+        drive.setDrivePower(new Pose2d());
+
+        telemetry.addData("Max Angular Velocity (rad)", maxAngVelocity);
+        telemetry.addData("Max Angular Velocity (deg)", Math.toDegrees(maxAngVelocity));
+        telemetry.addData("Max Recommended Angular Velocity (rad)", maxAngVelocity * 0.8);
+        telemetry.addData("Max Recommended Angular Velocity (deg)", Math.toDegrees(maxAngVelocity * 0.8));
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        while (!isStopRequested()) idle();
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/opmode/MaxVelocityTuner.java

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.opmode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.FtcDashboard;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.telemetry.MultipleTelemetry;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.Autonomous;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.VoltageSensor;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.util.ElapsedTime;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.Telemetry;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * This routine is designed to calculate the maximum velocity your bot can achieve under load. It
+ * will also calculate the effective kF value for your velocity PID.
+ * <p>
+ * Upon pressing start, your bot will run at max power for RUNTIME seconds.
+ * <p>
+ * Further fine tuning of kF may be desired.
+ */
+@Config
+@Autonomous(group = "drive")
+public class MaxVelocityTuner extends LinearOpMode {
+    public static double RUNTIME = 2.0;
+
+    private ElapsedTime timer;
+    private double maxVelocity = 0.0;
+
+    private VoltageSensor batteryVoltageSensor;
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        drive.setMode(DcMotor.RunMode.RUN_WITHOUT_ENCODER);
+
+        batteryVoltageSensor = hardwareMap.voltageSensor.iterator().next();
+
+        Telemetry telemetry = new MultipleTelemetry(this.telemetry, FtcDashboard.getInstance().getTelemetry());
+
+        telemetry.addLine("Your bot will go at full speed for " + RUNTIME + " seconds.");
+        telemetry.addLine("Please ensure you have enough space cleared.");
+        telemetry.addLine("");
+        telemetry.addLine("Press start when ready.");
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        telemetry.clearAll();
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        drive.setDrivePower(new Pose2d(1, 0, 0));
+        timer = new ElapsedTime();
+
+        while (!isStopRequested() && timer.seconds() < RUNTIME) {
+            drive.updatePoseEstimate();
+
+            Pose2d poseVelo = Objects.requireNonNull(drive.getPoseVelocity(), "poseVelocity() must not be null. Ensure that the getWheelVelocities() method has been overridden in your localizer.");
+
+            maxVelocity = Math.max(poseVelo.vec().norm(), maxVelocity);
+        }
+
+        drive.setDrivePower(new Pose2d());
+
+        double effectiveKf = DriveConstants.getMotorVelocityF(veloInchesToTicks(maxVelocity));
+
+        telemetry.addData("Max Velocity", maxVelocity);
+        telemetry.addData("Max Recommended Velocity", maxVelocity * 0.8);
+        telemetry.addData("Voltage Compensated kF", effectiveKf * batteryVoltageSensor.getVoltage() / 12);
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        while (!isStopRequested() && opModeIsActive()) idle();
+    }
+
+    private double veloInchesToTicks(double inchesPerSec) {
+        return inchesPerSec / (2 * Math.PI * DriveConstants.WHEEL_RADIUS) / DriveConstants.GEAR_RATIO * DriveConstants.TICKS_PER_REV;
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/opmode/MotorDirectionDebugger.java

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.opmode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.FtcDashboard;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.telemetry.MultipleTelemetry;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.Disabled;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.TeleOp;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.Telemetry;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+
+/**
+ * This is a simple teleop routine for debugging your motor configuration.
+ * Pressing each of the buttons will power its respective motor.
+ *
+ * Button Mappings:
+ *
+ * Xbox/PS4 Button - Motor
+ *   X / ▢         - Front Left
+ *   Y / Δ         - Front Right
+ *   B / O         - Rear  Right
+ *   A / X         - Rear  Left
+ *                                    The buttons are mapped to match the wheels spatially if you
+ *                                    were to rotate the gamepad 45deg°. x/square is the front left
+ *                    ________        and each button corresponds to the wheel as you go clockwise
+ *                   / ______ \
+ *     ------------.-'   _  '-..+              Front of Bot
+ *              /   _  ( Y )  _  \                  ^
+ *             |  ( X )  _  ( B ) |     Front Left   \    Front Right
+ *        ___  '.      ( A )     /|       Wheel       \      Wheel
+ *      .'    '.    '-._____.-'  .'       (x/▢)        \     (Y/Δ)
+ *     |       |                 |                      \
+ *      '.___.' '.               |          Rear Left    \   Rear Right
+ *               '.             /             Wheel       \    Wheel
+ *                \.          .'              (A/X)        \   (B/O)
+ *                  \________/
+ *
+ * Uncomment the @Disabled tag below to use this opmode.
+ */
+@Disabled
+@Config
+@TeleOp(group = "drive")
+public class MotorDirectionDebugger extends LinearOpMode {
+    public static double MOTOR_POWER = 0.7;
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+        Telemetry telemetry = new MultipleTelemetry(this.telemetry, FtcDashboard.getInstance().getTelemetry());
+
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        telemetry.addLine("Press play to begin the debugging opmode");
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        if (isStopRequested()) return;
+
+        telemetry.clearAll();
+        telemetry.setDisplayFormat(Telemetry.DisplayFormat.HTML);
+
+        while (!isStopRequested()) {
+            telemetry.addLine("Press each button to turn on its respective motor");
+            telemetry.addLine();
+            telemetry.addLine("<font face=\"monospace\">Xbox/PS4 Button - Motor</font>");
+            telemetry.addLine("<font face=\"monospace\">&nbsp;&nbsp;X / ▢&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- Front Left</font>");
+            telemetry.addLine("<font face=\"monospace\">&nbsp;&nbsp;Y / Δ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- Front Right</font>");
+            telemetry.addLine("<font face=\"monospace\">&nbsp;&nbsp;B / O&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- Rear&nbsp;&nbsp;Right</font>");
+            telemetry.addLine("<font face=\"monospace\">&nbsp;&nbsp;A / X&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- Rear&nbsp;&nbsp;Left</font>");
+            telemetry.addLine();
+
+            if(gamepad1.x) {
+                drive.setMotorPowers(MOTOR_POWER, 0, 0, 0);
+                telemetry.addLine("Running Motor: Front Left");
+            } else if(gamepad1.y) {
+                drive.setMotorPowers(0, 0, 0, MOTOR_POWER);
+                telemetry.addLine("Running Motor: Front Right");
+            } else if(gamepad1.b) {
+                drive.setMotorPowers(0, 0, MOTOR_POWER, 0);
+                telemetry.addLine("Running Motor: Rear Right");
+            } else if(gamepad1.a) {
+                drive.setMotorPowers(0, MOTOR_POWER, 0, 0);
+                telemetry.addLine("Running Motor: Rear Left");
+            } else {
+                drive.setMotorPowers(0, 0, 0, 0);
+                telemetry.addLine("Running Motor: None");
+            }
+
+            telemetry.update();
+        }
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/opmode/SplineTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.opmode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Vector2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.Trajectory;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.Autonomous;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+
+/*
+ * This is an example of a more complex path to really test the tuning.
+ */
+@Autonomous(group = "drive")
+public class SplineTest extends LinearOpMode {
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        if (isStopRequested()) return;
+
+        Trajectory traj = drive.trajectoryBuilder(new Pose2d())
+                .splineTo(new Vector2d(30, 30), 0)
+                .build();
+
+        drive.followTrajectory(traj);
+
+        sleep(2000);
+
+        drive.followTrajectory(
+                drive.trajectoryBuilder(traj.end(), true)
+                        .splineTo(new Vector2d(0, 0), Math.toRadians(180))
+                        .build()
+        );
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/opmode/StrafeTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.opmode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.FtcDashboard;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.telemetry.MultipleTelemetry;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.Trajectory;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.Autonomous;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.Telemetry;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+
+/*
+ * This is a simple routine to test translational drive capabilities.
+ */
+@Config
+@Autonomous(group = "drive")
+public class StrafeTest extends LinearOpMode {
+    public static double DISTANCE = 60; // in
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+        Telemetry telemetry = new MultipleTelemetry(this.telemetry, FtcDashboard.getInstance().getTelemetry());
+
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        Trajectory trajectory = drive.trajectoryBuilder(new Pose2d())
+                .strafeRight(DISTANCE)
+                .build();
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        if (isStopRequested()) return;
+
+        drive.followTrajectory(trajectory);
+
+        Pose2d poseEstimate = drive.getPoseEstimate();
+        telemetry.addData("finalX", poseEstimate.getX());
+        telemetry.addData("finalY", poseEstimate.getY());
+        telemetry.addData("finalHeading", poseEstimate.getHeading());
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        while (!isStopRequested() && opModeIsActive()) ;
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/opmode/StraightTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.opmode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.FtcDashboard;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.telemetry.MultipleTelemetry;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.Trajectory;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.Autonomous;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.Telemetry;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+
+/*
+ * This is a simple routine to test translational drive capabilities.
+ */
+@Config
+@Autonomous(group = "drive")
+public class StraightTest extends LinearOpMode {
+    public static double DISTANCE = 60; // in
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+        Telemetry telemetry = new MultipleTelemetry(this.telemetry, FtcDashboard.getInstance().getTelemetry());
+
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        Trajectory trajectory = drive.trajectoryBuilder(new Pose2d())
+                .forward(DISTANCE)
+                .build();
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        if (isStopRequested()) return;
+
+        drive.followTrajectory(trajectory);
+
+        Pose2d poseEstimate = drive.getPoseEstimate();
+        telemetry.addData("finalX", poseEstimate.getX());
+        telemetry.addData("finalY", poseEstimate.getY());
+        telemetry.addData("finalHeading", poseEstimate.getHeading());
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        while (!isStopRequested() && opModeIsActive()) ;
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/opmode/TrackWidthTuner.java

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.opmode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.FtcDashboard;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.telemetry.MultipleTelemetry;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.util.Angle;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.Autonomous;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.util.MovingStatistics;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.Telemetry;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.internal.system.Misc;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+
+/*
+ * This routine determines the effective track width. The procedure works by executing a point turn
+ * with a given angle and measuring the difference between that angle and the actual angle (as
+ * indicated by an external IMU/gyro, track wheels, or some other localizer). The quotient
+ * given angle / actual angle gives a multiplicative adjustment to the estimated track width
+ * (effective track width = estimated track width * given angle / actual angle). The routine repeats
+ * this procedure a few times and averages the values for additional accuracy. Note: a relatively
+ * accurate track width estimate is important or else the angular constraints will be thrown off.
+ */
+@Config
+@Autonomous(group = "drive")
+public class TrackWidthTuner extends LinearOpMode {
+    public static double ANGLE = 180; // deg
+    public static int NUM_TRIALS = 5;
+    public static int DELAY = 1000; // ms
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+        Telemetry telemetry = new MultipleTelemetry(this.telemetry, FtcDashboard.getInstance().getTelemetry());
+
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+        // TODO: if you haven't already, set the localizer to something that doesn't depend on
+        // drive encoders for computing the heading
+
+        telemetry.addLine("Press play to begin the track width tuner routine");
+        telemetry.addLine("Make sure your robot has enough clearance to turn smoothly");
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        if (isStopRequested()) return;
+
+        telemetry.clearAll();
+        telemetry.addLine("Running...");
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        MovingStatistics trackWidthStats = new MovingStatistics(NUM_TRIALS);
+        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_TRIALS; i++) {
+            drive.setPoseEstimate(new Pose2d());
+
+            // it is important to handle heading wraparounds
+            double headingAccumulator = 0;
+            double lastHeading = 0;
+
+            drive.turnAsync(Math.toRadians(ANGLE));
+
+            while (!isStopRequested() && drive.isBusy()) {
+                double heading = drive.getPoseEstimate().getHeading();
+                headingAccumulator += Angle.normDelta(heading - lastHeading);
+                lastHeading = heading;
+
+                drive.update();
+            }
+
+            double trackWidth = DriveConstants.TRACK_WIDTH * Math.toRadians(ANGLE) / headingAccumulator;
+            trackWidthStats.add(trackWidth);
+
+            sleep(DELAY);
+        }
+
+        telemetry.clearAll();
+        telemetry.addLine("Tuning complete");
+        telemetry.addLine(Misc.formatInvariant("Effective track width = %.2f (SE = %.3f)",
+                trackWidthStats.getMean(),
+                trackWidthStats.getStandardDeviation() / Math.sqrt(NUM_TRIALS)));
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        while (!isStopRequested()) {
+            idle();
+        }
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/opmode/TrackingWheelForwardOffsetTuner.java

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.opmode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.FtcDashboard;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.telemetry.MultipleTelemetry;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.util.Angle;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.Autonomous;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.util.MovingStatistics;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.util.RobotLog;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.external.Telemetry;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.internal.system.Misc;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer;
+
+/**
+ * This routine determines the effective forward offset for the lateral tracking wheel.
+ * The procedure executes a point turn at a given angle for a certain number of trials,
+ * along with a specified delay in milliseconds. The purpose of this is to track the
+ * change in the y position during the turn. The offset, or distance, of the lateral tracking
+ * wheel from the center or rotation allows the wheel to spin during a point turn, leading
+ * to an incorrect measurement for the y position. This creates an arc around around
+ * the center of rotation with an arc length of change in y and a radius equal to the forward
+ * offset. We can compute this offset by calculating (change in y position) / (change in heading)
+ * which returns the radius if the angle (change in heading) is in radians. This is based
+ * on the arc length formula of length = theta * radius.
+ *
+ * To run this routine, simply adjust the desired angle and specify the number of trials
+ * and the desired delay. Then, run the procedure. Once it finishes, it will print the
+ * average of all the calculated forward offsets derived from the calculation. This calculated
+ * forward offset is then added onto the current forward offset to produce an overall estimate
+ * for the forward offset. You can run this procedure as many times as necessary until a
+ * satisfactory result is produced.
+ */
+@Config
+@Autonomous(group="drive")
+public class TrackingWheelForwardOffsetTuner extends LinearOpMode {
+    public static double ANGLE = 180; // deg
+    public static int NUM_TRIALS = 5;
+    public static int DELAY = 1000; // ms
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+        Telemetry telemetry = new MultipleTelemetry(this.telemetry, FtcDashboard.getInstance().getTelemetry());
+
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        if (!(drive.getLocalizer() instanceof StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer)) {
+            RobotLog.setGlobalErrorMsg("StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer is not being set in the "
+                    + "drive class. Ensure that \"setLocalizer(new StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer"
+                    + "(hardwareMap));\" is called in SampleMecanumDrive.java");
+        }
+
+        telemetry.addLine("Press play to begin the forward offset tuner");
+        telemetry.addLine("Make sure your robot has enough clearance to turn smoothly");
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        if (isStopRequested()) return;
+
+        telemetry.clearAll();
+        telemetry.addLine("Running...");
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        MovingStatistics forwardOffsetStats = new MovingStatistics(NUM_TRIALS);
+        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_TRIALS; i++) {
+            drive.setPoseEstimate(new Pose2d());
+
+            // it is important to handle heading wraparounds
+            double headingAccumulator = 0;
+            double lastHeading = 0;
+
+            drive.turnAsync(Math.toRadians(ANGLE));
+
+            while (!isStopRequested() && drive.isBusy()) {
+                double heading = drive.getPoseEstimate().getHeading();
+                headingAccumulator += Angle.norm(heading - lastHeading);
+                lastHeading = heading;
+
+                drive.update();
+            }
+
+            double forwardOffset = StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer.FORWARD_OFFSET +
+                    drive.getPoseEstimate().getY() / headingAccumulator;
+            forwardOffsetStats.add(forwardOffset);
+
+            sleep(DELAY);
+        }
+
+        telemetry.clearAll();
+        telemetry.addLine("Tuning complete");
+        telemetry.addLine(Misc.formatInvariant("Effective forward offset = %.2f (SE = %.3f)",
+                forwardOffsetStats.getMean(),
+                forwardOffsetStats.getStandardDeviation() / Math.sqrt(NUM_TRIALS)));
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        while (!isStopRequested()) {
+            idle();
+        }
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/opmode/TrackingWheelLateralDistanceTuner.java

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.opmode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.util.Angle;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.TeleOp;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.util.RobotLog;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer;
+
+/**
+ * Opmode designed to assist the user in tuning the `StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer`'s
+ * LATERAL_DISTANCE value. The LATERAL_DISTANCE is the center-to-center distance of the parallel
+ * wheels.
+ *
+ * Tuning Routine:
+ *
+ * 1. Set the LATERAL_DISTANCE value in StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer.java to the physical
+ * measured value. This need only be an estimated value as you will be tuning it anyways.
+ *
+ * 2. Make a mark on the bot (with a piece of tape or sharpie or however you wish) and make an
+ * similar mark right below the indicator on your bot. This will be your reference point to
+ * ensure you've turned exactly 360°.
+ *
+ * 3. Although not entirely necessary, having the bot's pose being drawn in dashbooard does help
+ * identify discrepancies in the LATERAL_DISTANCE value. To access the dashboard,
+ * connect your computer to the RC's WiFi network. In your browser, navigate to
+ * https://192.168.49.1:8080/dash if you're using the RC phone or https://192.168.43.1:8080/dash
+ * if you are using the Control Hub.
+ * Ensure the field is showing (select the field view in top right of the page).
+ *
+ * 4. Press play to begin the tuning routine.
+ *
+ * 5. Use the right joystick on gamepad 1 to turn the bot counterclockwise.
+ *
+ * 6. Spin the bot 10 times, counterclockwise. Make sure to keep track of these turns.
+ *
+ * 7. Once the bot has finished spinning 10 times, press A to finishing the routine. The indicators
+ * on the bot and on the ground you created earlier should be lined up.
+ *
+ * 8. Your effective LATERAL_DISTANCE will be given. Stick this value into your
+ * StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer.java class.
+ *
+ * 9. If this value is incorrect, run the routine again while adjusting the LATERAL_DISTANCE value
+ * yourself. Read the heading output and follow the advice stated in the note below to manually
+ * nudge the values yourself.
+ *
+ * Note:
+ * It helps to pay attention to how the pose on the field is drawn in dashboard. A blue circle with
+ * a line from the circumference to the center should be present, representing the bot. The line
+ * indicates forward. If your LATERAL_DISTANCE value is tuned currently, the pose drawn in
+ * dashboard should keep track with the pose of your actual bot. If the drawn bot turns slower than
+ * the actual bot, the LATERAL_DISTANCE should be decreased. If the drawn bot turns faster than the
+ * actual bot, the LATERAL_DISTANCE should be increased.
+ *
+ * If your drawn bot oscillates around a point in dashboard, don't worry. This is because the
+ * position of the perpendicular wheel isn't perfectly set and causes a discrepancy in the
+ * effective center of rotation. You can ignore this effect. The center of rotation will be offset
+ * slightly but your heading will still be fine. This does not affect your overall tracking
+ * precision. The heading should still line up.
+ */
+@Config
+@TeleOp(group = "drive")
+public class TrackingWheelLateralDistanceTuner extends LinearOpMode {
+    public static int NUM_TURNS = 10;
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        if (!(drive.getLocalizer() instanceof StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer)) {
+            RobotLog.setGlobalErrorMsg("StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer is not being set in the "
+                    + "drive class. Ensure that \"setLocalizer(new StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer"
+                    + "(hardwareMap));\" is called in SampleMecanumDrive.java");
+        }
+
+        telemetry.addLine("Prior to beginning the routine, please read the directions "
+                + "located in the comments of the opmode file.");
+        telemetry.addLine("Press play to begin the tuning routine.");
+        telemetry.addLine("");
+        telemetry.addLine("Press Y/△ to stop the routine.");
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        if (isStopRequested()) return;
+
+        telemetry.clearAll();
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        double headingAccumulator = 0;
+        double lastHeading = 0;
+
+        boolean tuningFinished = false;
+
+        while (!isStopRequested() && !tuningFinished) {
+            Pose2d vel = new Pose2d(0, 0, -gamepad1.right_stick_x);
+            drive.setDrivePower(vel);
+
+            drive.update();
+
+            double heading = drive.getPoseEstimate().getHeading();
+            double deltaHeading = heading - lastHeading;
+
+            headingAccumulator += Angle.normDelta(deltaHeading);
+            lastHeading = heading;
+
+            telemetry.clearAll();
+            telemetry.addLine("Total Heading (deg): " + Math.toDegrees(headingAccumulator));
+            telemetry.addLine("Raw Heading (deg): " + Math.toDegrees(heading));
+            telemetry.addLine();
+            telemetry.addLine("Press Y/△ to conclude routine");
+            telemetry.update();
+
+            if (gamepad1.y)
+                tuningFinished = true;
+        }
+
+        telemetry.clearAll();
+        telemetry.addLine("Localizer's total heading: " + Math.toDegrees(headingAccumulator) + "°");
+        telemetry.addLine("Effective LATERAL_DISTANCE: " +
+                (headingAccumulator / (NUM_TURNS * Math.PI * 2)) * StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer.LATERAL_DISTANCE);
+
+        telemetry.update();
+
+        while (!isStopRequested()) idle();
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/drive/opmode/TurnTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.opmode;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.Autonomous;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.LinearOpMode;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+
+/*
+ * This is a simple routine to test turning capabilities.
+ */
+@Config
+@Autonomous(group = "drive")
+public class TurnTest extends LinearOpMode {
+    public static double ANGLE = 90; // deg
+
+    @Override
+    public void runOpMode() throws InterruptedException {
+        SampleMecanumDrive drive = new SampleMecanumDrive(hardwareMap);
+
+        waitForStart();
+
+        if (isStopRequested()) return;
+
+        drive.turn(Math.toRadians(ANGLE));
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/readme.md

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+## TeamCode Module
+
+Welcome!
+
+This module, TeamCode, is the place where you will write/paste the code for your team's
+robot controller App. This module is currently empty (a clean slate) but the
+process for adding OpModes is straightforward.
+
+## Creating your own OpModes
+
+The easiest way to create your own OpMode is to copy a Sample OpMode and make it your own.
+
+Sample opmodes exist in the FtcRobotController module.
+To locate these samples, find the FtcRobotController module in the "Project/Android" tab.
+
+Expand the following tree elements:
+ FtcRobotController/java/org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcontroller/external/samples
+
+### Naming of Samples
+
+To gain a better understanding of how the samples are organized, and how to interpret the
+naming system, it will help to understand the conventions that were used during their creation.
+
+These conventions are described (in detail) in the sample_conventions.md file in this folder.
+
+To summarize: A range of different samples classes will reside in the java/external/samples.
+The class names will follow a naming convention which indicates the purpose of each class.
+The prefix of the name will be one of the following:
+
+Basic:  	This is a minimally functional OpMode used to illustrate the skeleton/structure
+            of a particular style of OpMode.  These are bare bones examples.
+
+Sensor:    	This is a Sample OpMode that shows how to use a specific sensor.
+            It is not intended to drive a functioning robot, it is simply showing the minimal code
+            required to read and display the sensor values.
+
+Robot:	    This is a Sample OpMode that assumes a simple two-motor (differential) drive base.
+            It may be used to provide a common baseline driving OpMode, or
+            to demonstrate how a particular sensor or concept can be used to navigate.
+
+Concept:	This is a sample OpMode that illustrates performing a specific function or concept.
+            These may be complex, but their operation should be explained clearly in the comments,
+            or the comments should reference an external doc, guide or tutorial.
+            Each OpMode should try to only demonstrate a single concept so they are easy to
+            locate based on their name.  These OpModes may not produce a drivable robot.
+
+After the prefix, other conventions will apply:
+
+* Sensor class names are constructed as:    Sensor - Company - Type
+* Robot class names are constructed as:     Robot - Mode - Action - OpModetype
+* Concept class names are constructed as:   Concept - Topic - OpModetype
+
+Once you are familiar with the range of samples available, you can choose one to be the
+basis for your own robot.  In all cases, the desired sample(s) needs to be copied into
+your TeamCode module to be used.
+
+This is done inside Android Studio directly, using the following steps:
+
+ 1) Locate the desired sample class in the Project/Android tree.
+
+ 2) Right click on the sample class and select "Copy"
+
+ 3) Expand the  TeamCode/java folder
+
+ 4) Right click on the org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode folder and select "Paste"
+
+ 5) You will be prompted for a class name for the copy.
+    Choose something meaningful based on the purpose of this class.
+    Start with a capital letter, and remember that there may be more similar classes later.
+
+Once your copy has been created, you should prepare it for use on your robot.
+This is done by adjusting the OpMode's name, and enabling it to be displayed on the
+Driver Station's OpMode list.
+
+Each OpMode sample class begins with several lines of code like the ones shown below:
+
+```
+ @TeleOp(name="Template: Linear OpMode", group="Linear Opmode")
+ @Disabled
+```
+
+The name that will appear on the driver station's "opmode list" is defined by the code:
+ ``name="Template: Linear OpMode"``
+You can change what appears between the quotes to better describe your opmode.
+The "group=" portion of the code can be used to help organize your list of OpModes.
+
+As shown, the current OpMode will NOT appear on the driver station's OpMode list because of the
+  ``@Disabled`` annotation which has been included.
+This line can simply be deleted , or commented out, to make the OpMode visible.
+
+
+
+## ADVANCED Multi-Team App management:  Cloning the TeamCode Module
+
+In some situations, you have multiple teams in your club and you want them to all share
+a common code organization, with each being able to *see* the others code but each having
+their own team module with their own code that they maintain themselves.
+
+In this situation, you might wish to clone the TeamCode module, once for each of these teams.
+Each of the clones would then appear along side each other in the Android Studio module list,
+together with the FtcRobotController module (and the original TeamCode module).
+
+Selective Team phones can then be programmed by selecting the desired Module from the pulldown list
+prior to clicking to the green Run arrow.
+
+Warning:  This is not for the inexperienced Software developer.
+You will need to be comfortable with File manipulations and managing Android Studio Modules.
+These changes are performed OUTSIDE of Android Studios, so close Android Studios before you do this.
+ 
+Also.. Make a full project backup before you start this :)
+
+To clone TeamCode, do the following:
+
+Note: Some names start with "Team" and others start with "team".  This is intentional.
+
+1)  Using your operating system file management tools, copy the whole "TeamCode"
+    folder to a sibling folder with a corresponding new name, eg: "Team0417".
+
+2)  In the new Team0417 folder, delete the TeamCode.iml file.
+
+3)  the new Team0417 folder, rename the "src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode" folder
+    to a matching name with a lowercase 'team' eg:  "team0417".
+
+4)  In the new Team0417/src/main folder, edit the "AndroidManifest.xml" file, change the line that contains
+         package="org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode"
+    to be
+         package="org.firstinspires.ftc.team0417"
+
+5)  Add:    include ':Team0417' to the "/settings.gradle" file.
+    
+6)  Open up Android Studios and clean out any old files by using the menu to "Build/Clean Project""

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/trajectorysequence/EmptySequenceException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence;
+
+
+public class EmptySequenceException extends RuntimeException { }

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/trajectorysequence/TrajectorySequence.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.sequencesegment.SequenceSegment;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class TrajectorySequence {
+    private final List<SequenceSegment> sequenceList;
+
+    public TrajectorySequence(List<SequenceSegment> sequenceList) {
+        if (sequenceList.size() == 0) throw new EmptySequenceException();
+
+        this.sequenceList = Collections.unmodifiableList(sequenceList);
+    }
+
+    public Pose2d start() {
+        return sequenceList.get(0).getStartPose();
+    }
+
+    public Pose2d end() {
+        return sequenceList.get(sequenceList.size() - 1).getEndPose();
+    }
+
+    public double duration() {
+        double total = 0.0;
+
+        for (SequenceSegment segment : sequenceList) {
+            total += segment.getDuration();
+        }
+
+        return total;
+    }
+
+    public SequenceSegment get(int i) {
+        return sequenceList.get(i);
+    }
+
+    public int size() {
+        return sequenceList.size();
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/trajectorysequence/TrajectorySequenceBuilder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,679 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Vector2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.path.PathContinuityViolationException;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.profile.MotionProfile;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.profile.MotionProfileGenerator;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.profile.MotionState;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.DisplacementMarker;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.DisplacementProducer;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.MarkerCallback;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.SpatialMarker;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.TemporalMarker;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.TimeProducer;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.Trajectory;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.TrajectoryBuilder;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.TrajectoryMarker;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.constraints.TrajectoryVelocityConstraint;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.util.Angle;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.sequencesegment.SequenceSegment;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.sequencesegment.TrajectorySegment;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.sequencesegment.TurnSegment;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.sequencesegment.WaitSegment;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class TrajectorySequenceBuilder {
+    private final double resolution = 0.25;
+
+    private final TrajectoryVelocityConstraint baseVelConstraint;
+    private final TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint baseAccelConstraint;
+
+    private TrajectoryVelocityConstraint currentVelConstraint;
+    private TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint currentAccelConstraint;
+
+    private final double baseTurnConstraintMaxAngVel;
+    private final double baseTurnConstraintMaxAngAccel;
+
+    private double currentTurnConstraintMaxAngVel;
+    private double currentTurnConstraintMaxAngAccel;
+
+    private final List<SequenceSegment> sequenceSegments;
+
+    private final List<TemporalMarker> temporalMarkers;
+    private final List<DisplacementMarker> displacementMarkers;
+    private final List<SpatialMarker> spatialMarkers;
+
+    private Pose2d lastPose;
+
+    private double tangentOffset;
+
+    private boolean setAbsoluteTangent;
+    private double absoluteTangent;
+
+    private TrajectoryBuilder currentTrajectoryBuilder;
+
+    private double currentDuration;
+    private double currentDisplacement;
+
+    private double lastDurationTraj;
+    private double lastDisplacementTraj;
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder(
+            Pose2d startPose,
+            Double startTangent,
+            TrajectoryVelocityConstraint baseVelConstraint,
+            TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint baseAccelConstraint,
+            double baseTurnConstraintMaxAngVel,
+            double baseTurnConstraintMaxAngAccel
+    ) {
+        this.baseVelConstraint = baseVelConstraint;
+        this.baseAccelConstraint = baseAccelConstraint;
+
+        this.currentVelConstraint = baseVelConstraint;
+        this.currentAccelConstraint = baseAccelConstraint;
+
+        this.baseTurnConstraintMaxAngVel = baseTurnConstraintMaxAngVel;
+        this.baseTurnConstraintMaxAngAccel = baseTurnConstraintMaxAngAccel;
+
+        this.currentTurnConstraintMaxAngVel = baseTurnConstraintMaxAngVel;
+        this.currentTurnConstraintMaxAngAccel = baseTurnConstraintMaxAngAccel;
+
+        sequenceSegments = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        temporalMarkers = new ArrayList<>();
+        displacementMarkers = new ArrayList<>();
+        spatialMarkers = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        lastPose = startPose;
+
+        tangentOffset = 0.0;
+
+        setAbsoluteTangent = (startTangent != null);
+        absoluteTangent = startTangent != null ? startTangent : 0.0;
+
+        currentTrajectoryBuilder = null;
+
+        currentDuration = 0.0;
+        currentDisplacement = 0.0;
+
+        lastDurationTraj = 0.0;
+        lastDisplacementTraj = 0.0;
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder(
+            Pose2d startPose,
+            TrajectoryVelocityConstraint baseVelConstraint,
+            TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint baseAccelConstraint,
+            double baseTurnConstraintMaxAngVel,
+            double baseTurnConstraintMaxAngAccel
+    ) {
+        this(
+                startPose, null,
+                baseVelConstraint, baseAccelConstraint,
+                baseTurnConstraintMaxAngVel, baseTurnConstraintMaxAngAccel
+        );
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder lineTo(Vector2d endPosition) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.lineTo(endPosition, currentVelConstraint, currentAccelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder lineTo(
+            Vector2d endPosition,
+            TrajectoryVelocityConstraint velConstraint,
+            TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint accelConstraint
+    ) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.lineTo(endPosition, velConstraint, accelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder lineToConstantHeading(Vector2d endPosition) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.lineToConstantHeading(endPosition, currentVelConstraint, currentAccelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder lineToConstantHeading(
+            Vector2d endPosition,
+            TrajectoryVelocityConstraint velConstraint,
+            TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint accelConstraint
+    ) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.lineToConstantHeading(endPosition, velConstraint, accelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder lineToLinearHeading(Pose2d endPose) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.lineToLinearHeading(endPose, currentVelConstraint, currentAccelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder lineToLinearHeading(
+            Pose2d endPose,
+            TrajectoryVelocityConstraint velConstraint,
+            TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint accelConstraint
+    ) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.lineToLinearHeading(endPose, velConstraint, accelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder lineToSplineHeading(Pose2d endPose) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.lineToSplineHeading(endPose, currentVelConstraint, currentAccelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder lineToSplineHeading(
+            Pose2d endPose,
+            TrajectoryVelocityConstraint velConstraint,
+            TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint accelConstraint
+    ) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.lineToSplineHeading(endPose, velConstraint, accelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder strafeTo(Vector2d endPosition) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.strafeTo(endPosition, currentVelConstraint, currentAccelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder strafeTo(
+            Vector2d endPosition,
+            TrajectoryVelocityConstraint velConstraint,
+            TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint accelConstraint
+    ) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.strafeTo(endPosition, velConstraint, accelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder forward(double distance) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.forward(distance, currentVelConstraint, currentAccelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder forward(
+            double distance,
+            TrajectoryVelocityConstraint velConstraint,
+            TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint accelConstraint
+    ) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.forward(distance, velConstraint, accelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder back(double distance) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.back(distance, currentVelConstraint, currentAccelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder back(
+            double distance,
+            TrajectoryVelocityConstraint velConstraint,
+            TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint accelConstraint
+    ) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.back(distance, velConstraint, accelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder strafeLeft(double distance) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.strafeLeft(distance, currentVelConstraint, currentAccelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder strafeLeft(
+            double distance,
+            TrajectoryVelocityConstraint velConstraint,
+            TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint accelConstraint
+    ) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.strafeLeft(distance, velConstraint, accelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder strafeRight(double distance) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.strafeRight(distance, currentVelConstraint, currentAccelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder strafeRight(
+            double distance,
+            TrajectoryVelocityConstraint velConstraint,
+            TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint accelConstraint
+    ) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.strafeRight(distance, velConstraint, accelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder splineTo(Vector2d endPosition, double endHeading) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.splineTo(endPosition, endHeading, currentVelConstraint, currentAccelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder splineTo(
+            Vector2d endPosition,
+            double endHeading,
+            TrajectoryVelocityConstraint velConstraint,
+            TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint accelConstraint
+    ) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.splineTo(endPosition, endHeading, velConstraint, accelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder splineToConstantHeading(Vector2d endPosition, double endHeading) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.splineToConstantHeading(endPosition, endHeading, currentVelConstraint, currentAccelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder splineToConstantHeading(
+            Vector2d endPosition,
+            double endHeading,
+            TrajectoryVelocityConstraint velConstraint,
+            TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint accelConstraint
+    ) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.splineToConstantHeading(endPosition, endHeading, velConstraint, accelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder splineToLinearHeading(Pose2d endPose, double endHeading) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.splineToLinearHeading(endPose, endHeading, currentVelConstraint, currentAccelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder splineToLinearHeading(
+            Pose2d endPose,
+            double endHeading,
+            TrajectoryVelocityConstraint velConstraint,
+            TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint accelConstraint
+    ) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.splineToLinearHeading(endPose, endHeading, velConstraint, accelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder splineToSplineHeading(Pose2d endPose, double endHeading) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.splineToSplineHeading(endPose, endHeading, currentVelConstraint, currentAccelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder splineToSplineHeading(
+            Pose2d endPose,
+            double endHeading,
+            TrajectoryVelocityConstraint velConstraint,
+            TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint accelConstraint
+    ) {
+        return addPath(() -> currentTrajectoryBuilder.splineToSplineHeading(endPose, endHeading, velConstraint, accelConstraint));
+    }
+
+    private TrajectorySequenceBuilder addPath(AddPathCallback callback) {
+        if (currentTrajectoryBuilder == null) newPath();
+
+        try {
+            callback.run();
+        } catch (PathContinuityViolationException e) {
+            newPath();
+            callback.run();
+        }
+
+        Trajectory builtTraj = currentTrajectoryBuilder.build();
+
+        double durationDifference = builtTraj.duration() - lastDurationTraj;
+        double displacementDifference = builtTraj.getPath().length() - lastDisplacementTraj;
+
+        lastPose = builtTraj.end();
+        currentDuration += durationDifference;
+        currentDisplacement += displacementDifference;
+
+        lastDurationTraj = builtTraj.duration();
+        lastDisplacementTraj = builtTraj.getPath().length();
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder setTangent(double tangent) {
+        setAbsoluteTangent = true;
+        absoluteTangent = tangent;
+
+        pushPath();
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    private TrajectorySequenceBuilder setTangentOffset(double offset) {
+        setAbsoluteTangent = false;
+
+        this.tangentOffset = offset;
+        this.pushPath();
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder setReversed(boolean reversed) {
+        return reversed ? this.setTangentOffset(Math.toRadians(180.0)) : this.setTangentOffset(0.0);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder setConstraints(
+            TrajectoryVelocityConstraint velConstraint,
+            TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint accelConstraint
+    ) {
+        this.currentVelConstraint = velConstraint;
+        this.currentAccelConstraint = accelConstraint;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder resetConstraints() {
+        this.currentVelConstraint = this.baseVelConstraint;
+        this.currentAccelConstraint = this.baseAccelConstraint;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder setVelConstraint(TrajectoryVelocityConstraint velConstraint) {
+        this.currentVelConstraint = velConstraint;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder resetVelConstraint() {
+        this.currentVelConstraint = this.baseVelConstraint;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder setAccelConstraint(TrajectoryAccelerationConstraint accelConstraint) {
+        this.currentAccelConstraint = accelConstraint;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder resetAccelConstraint() {
+        this.currentAccelConstraint = this.baseAccelConstraint;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder setTurnConstraint(double maxAngVel, double maxAngAccel) {
+        this.currentTurnConstraintMaxAngVel = maxAngVel;
+        this.currentTurnConstraintMaxAngAccel = maxAngAccel;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder resetTurnConstraint() {
+        this.currentTurnConstraintMaxAngVel = baseTurnConstraintMaxAngVel;
+        this.currentTurnConstraintMaxAngAccel = baseTurnConstraintMaxAngAccel;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder addTemporalMarker(MarkerCallback callback) {
+        return this.addTemporalMarker(currentDuration, callback);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder UNSTABLE_addTemporalMarkerOffset(double offset, MarkerCallback callback) {
+        return this.addTemporalMarker(currentDuration + offset, callback);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder addTemporalMarker(double time, MarkerCallback callback) {
+        return this.addTemporalMarker(0.0, time, callback);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder addTemporalMarker(double scale, double offset, MarkerCallback callback) {
+        return this.addTemporalMarker(time -> scale * time + offset, callback);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder addTemporalMarker(TimeProducer time, MarkerCallback callback) {
+        this.temporalMarkers.add(new TemporalMarker(time, callback));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder addSpatialMarker(Vector2d point, MarkerCallback callback) {
+        this.spatialMarkers.add(new SpatialMarker(point, callback));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder addDisplacementMarker(MarkerCallback callback) {
+        return this.addDisplacementMarker(currentDisplacement, callback);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder UNSTABLE_addDisplacementMarkerOffset(double offset, MarkerCallback callback) {
+        return this.addDisplacementMarker(currentDisplacement + offset, callback);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder addDisplacementMarker(double displacement, MarkerCallback callback) {
+        return this.addDisplacementMarker(0.0, displacement, callback);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder addDisplacementMarker(double scale, double offset, MarkerCallback callback) {
+        return addDisplacementMarker((displacement -> scale * displacement + offset), callback);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder addDisplacementMarker(DisplacementProducer displacement, MarkerCallback callback) {
+        displacementMarkers.add(new DisplacementMarker(displacement, callback));
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder turn(double angle) {
+        return turn(angle, currentTurnConstraintMaxAngVel, currentTurnConstraintMaxAngAccel);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder turn(double angle, double maxAngVel, double maxAngAccel) {
+        pushPath();
+
+        MotionProfile turnProfile = MotionProfileGenerator.generateSimpleMotionProfile(
+                new MotionState(lastPose.getHeading(), 0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+                new MotionState(lastPose.getHeading() + angle, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+                maxAngVel,
+                maxAngAccel
+        );
+
+        sequenceSegments.add(new TurnSegment(lastPose, angle, turnProfile, Collections.emptyList()));
+
+        lastPose = new Pose2d(
+                lastPose.getX(), lastPose.getY(),
+                Angle.norm(lastPose.getHeading() + angle)
+        );
+
+        currentDuration += turnProfile.duration();
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder waitSeconds(double seconds) {
+        pushPath();
+        sequenceSegments.add(new WaitSegment(lastPose, seconds, Collections.emptyList()));
+
+        currentDuration += seconds;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceBuilder addTrajectory(Trajectory trajectory) {
+        pushPath();
+
+        sequenceSegments.add(new TrajectorySegment(trajectory));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    private void pushPath() {
+        if (currentTrajectoryBuilder != null) {
+            Trajectory builtTraj = currentTrajectoryBuilder.build();
+            sequenceSegments.add(new TrajectorySegment(builtTraj));
+        }
+
+        currentTrajectoryBuilder = null;
+    }
+
+    private void newPath() {
+        if (currentTrajectoryBuilder != null)
+            pushPath();
+
+        lastDurationTraj = 0.0;
+        lastDisplacementTraj = 0.0;
+
+        double tangent = setAbsoluteTangent ? absoluteTangent : Angle.norm(lastPose.getHeading() + tangentOffset);
+
+        currentTrajectoryBuilder = new TrajectoryBuilder(lastPose, tangent, currentVelConstraint, currentAccelConstraint, resolution);
+    }
+
+    public TrajectorySequence build() {
+        pushPath();
+
+        List<TrajectoryMarker> globalMarkers = convertMarkersToGlobal(
+                sequenceSegments,
+                temporalMarkers, displacementMarkers, spatialMarkers
+        );
+        projectGlobalMarkersToLocalSegments(globalMarkers, sequenceSegments);
+
+        return new TrajectorySequence(sequenceSegments);
+    }
+
+    private List<TrajectoryMarker> convertMarkersToGlobal(
+            List<SequenceSegment> sequenceSegments,
+            List<TemporalMarker> temporalMarkers,
+            List<DisplacementMarker> displacementMarkers,
+            List<SpatialMarker> spatialMarkers
+    ) {
+        ArrayList<TrajectoryMarker> trajectoryMarkers = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        // Convert temporal markers
+        for (TemporalMarker marker : temporalMarkers) {
+            trajectoryMarkers.add(
+                    new TrajectoryMarker(marker.getProducer().produce(currentDuration), marker.getCallback())
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Convert displacement markers
+        for (DisplacementMarker marker : displacementMarkers) {
+            double time = displacementToTime(
+                    sequenceSegments,
+                    marker.getProducer().produce(currentDisplacement)
+            );
+
+            trajectoryMarkers.add(
+                    new TrajectoryMarker(
+                            time,
+                            marker.getCallback()
+                    )
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Convert spatial markers
+        for (SpatialMarker marker : spatialMarkers) {
+            trajectoryMarkers.add(
+                    new TrajectoryMarker(
+                            pointToTime(sequenceSegments, marker.getPoint()),
+                            marker.getCallback()
+                    )
+            );
+        }
+
+        return trajectoryMarkers;
+    }
+
+    private void projectGlobalMarkersToLocalSegments(List<TrajectoryMarker> markers, List<SequenceSegment> sequenceSegments) {
+        if (sequenceSegments.isEmpty()) return;
+
+        markers.sort(Comparator.comparingDouble(TrajectoryMarker::getTime));
+
+        double timeOffset = 0.0;
+        int markerIndex = 0;
+        for (SequenceSegment segment : sequenceSegments) {
+            while (markerIndex < markers.size()) {
+                TrajectoryMarker marker = markers.get(markerIndex);
+                if (marker.getTime() >= timeOffset + segment.getDuration()) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                segment.getMarkers().add(new TrajectoryMarker(
+                        Math.max(0.0, marker.getTime()) - timeOffset, marker.getCallback()));
+                ++markerIndex;
+            }
+
+            timeOffset += segment.getDuration();
+        }
+
+        SequenceSegment segment = sequenceSegments.get(sequenceSegments.size() - 1);
+        while (markerIndex < markers.size()) {
+            TrajectoryMarker marker = markers.get(markerIndex);
+            segment.getMarkers().add(new TrajectoryMarker(segment.getDuration(), marker.getCallback()));
+            ++markerIndex;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Taken from Road Runner's TrajectoryGenerator.displacementToTime() since it's private
+    // note: this assumes that the profile position is monotonic increasing
+    private Double motionProfileDisplacementToTime(MotionProfile profile, double s) {
+        double tLo = 0.0;
+        double tHi = profile.duration();
+        while (!(Math.abs(tLo - tHi) < 1e-6)) {
+            double tMid = 0.5 * (tLo + tHi);
+            if (profile.get(tMid).getX() > s) {
+                tHi = tMid;
+            } else {
+                tLo = tMid;
+            }
+        }
+        return 0.5 * (tLo + tHi);
+    }
+
+    private Double displacementToTime(List<SequenceSegment> sequenceSegments, double s) {
+        double currentTime = 0.0;
+        double currentDisplacement = 0.0;
+
+        for (SequenceSegment segment : sequenceSegments) {
+            if (segment instanceof TrajectorySegment) {
+                TrajectorySegment thisSegment = (TrajectorySegment) segment;
+
+                double segmentLength = thisSegment.getTrajectory().getPath().length();
+
+                if (currentDisplacement + segmentLength > s) {
+                    double target = s - currentDisplacement;
+                    double timeInSegment = motionProfileDisplacementToTime(
+                            thisSegment.getTrajectory().getProfile(),
+                            target
+                    );
+
+                    return currentTime + timeInSegment;
+                } else {
+                    currentDisplacement += segmentLength;
+                }
+            }
+
+            currentTime += segment.getDuration();
+        }
+
+        return currentTime;
+    }
+
+    private Double pointToTime(List<SequenceSegment> sequenceSegments, Vector2d point) {
+        class ComparingPoints {
+            private final double distanceToPoint;
+            private final double totalDisplacement;
+            private final double thisPathDisplacement;
+
+            public ComparingPoints(double distanceToPoint, double totalDisplacement, double thisPathDisplacement) {
+                this.distanceToPoint = distanceToPoint;
+                this.totalDisplacement = totalDisplacement;
+                this.thisPathDisplacement = thisPathDisplacement;
+            }
+        }
+
+        List<ComparingPoints> projectedPoints = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        for (SequenceSegment segment : sequenceSegments) {
+            if (segment instanceof TrajectorySegment) {
+                TrajectorySegment thisSegment = (TrajectorySegment) segment;
+
+                double displacement = thisSegment.getTrajectory().getPath().project(point, 0.25);
+                Vector2d projectedPoint = thisSegment.getTrajectory().getPath().get(displacement).vec();
+                double distanceToPoint = point.minus(projectedPoint).norm();
+
+                double totalDisplacement = 0.0;
+
+                for (ComparingPoints comparingPoint : projectedPoints) {
+                    totalDisplacement += comparingPoint.totalDisplacement;
+                }
+
+                totalDisplacement += displacement;
+
+                projectedPoints.add(new ComparingPoints(distanceToPoint, displacement, totalDisplacement));
+            }
+        }
+
+        ComparingPoints closestPoint = null;
+
+        for (ComparingPoints comparingPoint : projectedPoints) {
+            if (closestPoint == null) {
+                closestPoint = comparingPoint;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (comparingPoint.distanceToPoint < closestPoint.distanceToPoint)
+                closestPoint = comparingPoint;
+        }
+
+        return displacementToTime(sequenceSegments, closestPoint.thisPathDisplacement);
+    }
+
+    private interface AddPathCallback {
+        void run();
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/trajectorysequence/TrajectorySequenceRunner.java

@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence;
+
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.FtcDashboard;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.canvas.Canvas;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.config.Config;
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.telemetry.TelemetryPacket;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.control.PIDCoefficients;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.control.PIDFController;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.drive.DriveSignal;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.followers.TrajectoryFollower;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.profile.MotionState;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.Trajectory;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.TrajectoryMarker;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.util.NanoClock;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.VoltageSensor;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.sequencesegment.SequenceSegment;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.sequencesegment.TrajectorySegment;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.sequencesegment.TurnSegment;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.sequencesegment.WaitSegment;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util.DashboardUtil;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util.LogFiles;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@Config
+public class TrajectorySequenceRunner {
+    public static String COLOR_INACTIVE_TRAJECTORY = "#4caf507a";
+    public static String COLOR_INACTIVE_TURN = "#7c4dff7a";
+    public static String COLOR_INACTIVE_WAIT = "#dd2c007a";
+
+    public static String COLOR_ACTIVE_TRAJECTORY = "#4CAF50";
+    public static String COLOR_ACTIVE_TURN = "#7c4dff";
+    public static String COLOR_ACTIVE_WAIT = "#dd2c00";
+
+    public static int POSE_HISTORY_LIMIT = 100;
+
+    private final TrajectoryFollower follower;
+
+    private final PIDFController turnController;
+
+    private final NanoClock clock;
+
+    private TrajectorySequence currentTrajectorySequence;
+    private double currentSegmentStartTime;
+    private int currentSegmentIndex;
+    private int lastSegmentIndex;
+
+    private Pose2d lastPoseError = new Pose2d();
+
+    List<TrajectoryMarker> remainingMarkers = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    private final FtcDashboard dashboard;
+    private final LinkedList<Pose2d> poseHistory = new LinkedList<>();
+
+    private VoltageSensor voltageSensor;
+
+    private List<Integer> lastDriveEncPositions, lastDriveEncVels, lastTrackingEncPositions, lastTrackingEncVels;
+
+    public TrajectorySequenceRunner(
+            TrajectoryFollower follower, PIDCoefficients headingPIDCoefficients, VoltageSensor voltageSensor,
+            List<Integer> lastDriveEncPositions, List<Integer> lastDriveEncVels, List<Integer> lastTrackingEncPositions, List<Integer> lastTrackingEncVels
+    ) {
+        this.follower = follower;
+
+        turnController = new PIDFController(headingPIDCoefficients);
+        turnController.setInputBounds(0, 2 * Math.PI);
+
+        this.voltageSensor = voltageSensor;
+
+        this.lastDriveEncPositions = lastDriveEncPositions;
+        this.lastDriveEncVels = lastDriveEncVels;
+        this.lastTrackingEncPositions = lastTrackingEncPositions;
+        this.lastTrackingEncVels = lastTrackingEncVels;
+
+        clock = NanoClock.system();
+
+        dashboard = FtcDashboard.getInstance();
+        dashboard.setTelemetryTransmissionInterval(25);
+    }
+
+    public void followTrajectorySequenceAsync(TrajectorySequence trajectorySequence) {
+        currentTrajectorySequence = trajectorySequence;
+        currentSegmentStartTime = clock.seconds();
+        currentSegmentIndex = 0;
+        lastSegmentIndex = -1;
+    }
+
+    public @Nullable
+    DriveSignal update(Pose2d poseEstimate, Pose2d poseVelocity) {
+        Pose2d targetPose = null;
+        DriveSignal driveSignal = null;
+
+        TelemetryPacket packet = new TelemetryPacket();
+        Canvas fieldOverlay = packet.fieldOverlay();
+
+        SequenceSegment currentSegment = null;
+
+        if (currentTrajectorySequence != null) {
+            if (currentSegmentIndex >= currentTrajectorySequence.size()) {
+                for (TrajectoryMarker marker : remainingMarkers) {
+                    marker.getCallback().onMarkerReached();
+                }
+
+                remainingMarkers.clear();
+
+                currentTrajectorySequence = null;
+            }
+
+            if (currentTrajectorySequence == null)
+                return new DriveSignal();
+
+            double now = clock.seconds();
+            boolean isNewTransition = currentSegmentIndex != lastSegmentIndex;
+
+            currentSegment = currentTrajectorySequence.get(currentSegmentIndex);
+
+            if (isNewTransition) {
+                currentSegmentStartTime = now;
+                lastSegmentIndex = currentSegmentIndex;
+
+                for (TrajectoryMarker marker : remainingMarkers) {
+                    marker.getCallback().onMarkerReached();
+                }
+
+                remainingMarkers.clear();
+
+                remainingMarkers.addAll(currentSegment.getMarkers());
+                Collections.sort(remainingMarkers, (t1, t2) -> Double.compare(t1.getTime(), t2.getTime()));
+            }
+
+            double deltaTime = now - currentSegmentStartTime;
+
+            if (currentSegment instanceof TrajectorySegment) {
+                Trajectory currentTrajectory = ((TrajectorySegment) currentSegment).getTrajectory();
+
+                if (isNewTransition)
+                    follower.followTrajectory(currentTrajectory);
+
+                if (!follower.isFollowing()) {
+                    currentSegmentIndex++;
+
+                    driveSignal = new DriveSignal();
+                } else {
+                    driveSignal = follower.update(poseEstimate, poseVelocity);
+                    lastPoseError = follower.getLastError();
+                }
+
+                targetPose = currentTrajectory.get(deltaTime);
+            } else if (currentSegment instanceof TurnSegment) {
+                MotionState targetState = ((TurnSegment) currentSegment).getMotionProfile().get(deltaTime);
+
+                turnController.setTargetPosition(targetState.getX());
+
+                double correction = turnController.update(poseEstimate.getHeading());
+
+                double targetOmega = targetState.getV();
+                double targetAlpha = targetState.getA();
+
+                lastPoseError = new Pose2d(0, 0, turnController.getLastError());
+
+                Pose2d startPose = currentSegment.getStartPose();
+                targetPose = startPose.copy(startPose.getX(), startPose.getY(), targetState.getX());
+
+                driveSignal = new DriveSignal(
+                        new Pose2d(0, 0, targetOmega + correction),
+                        new Pose2d(0, 0, targetAlpha)
+                );
+
+                if (deltaTime >= currentSegment.getDuration()) {
+                    currentSegmentIndex++;
+                    driveSignal = new DriveSignal();
+                }
+            } else if (currentSegment instanceof WaitSegment) {
+                lastPoseError = new Pose2d();
+
+                targetPose = currentSegment.getStartPose();
+                driveSignal = new DriveSignal();
+
+                if (deltaTime >= currentSegment.getDuration()) {
+                    currentSegmentIndex++;
+                }
+            }
+
+            while (remainingMarkers.size() > 0 && deltaTime > remainingMarkers.get(0).getTime()) {
+                remainingMarkers.get(0).getCallback().onMarkerReached();
+                remainingMarkers.remove(0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        poseHistory.add(poseEstimate);
+
+        if (POSE_HISTORY_LIMIT > -1 && poseHistory.size() > POSE_HISTORY_LIMIT) {
+            poseHistory.removeFirst();
+        }
+
+        final double NOMINAL_VOLTAGE = 12.0;
+        double voltage = voltageSensor.getVoltage();
+        if (driveSignal != null && !DriveConstants.RUN_USING_ENCODER) {
+            driveSignal = new DriveSignal(
+                    driveSignal.getVel().times(NOMINAL_VOLTAGE / voltage),
+                    driveSignal.getAccel().times(NOMINAL_VOLTAGE / voltage)
+            );
+        }
+
+        if (targetPose != null) {
+            LogFiles.record(
+                    targetPose, poseEstimate, voltage,
+                    lastDriveEncPositions, lastDriveEncVels, lastTrackingEncPositions, lastTrackingEncVels
+            );
+        }
+
+        packet.put("x", poseEstimate.getX());
+        packet.put("y", poseEstimate.getY());
+        packet.put("heading (deg)", Math.toDegrees(poseEstimate.getHeading()));
+
+        packet.put("xError", getLastPoseError().getX());
+        packet.put("yError", getLastPoseError().getY());
+        packet.put("headingError (deg)", Math.toDegrees(getLastPoseError().getHeading()));
+
+        draw(fieldOverlay, currentTrajectorySequence, currentSegment, targetPose, poseEstimate);
+
+        dashboard.sendTelemetryPacket(packet);
+
+        return driveSignal;
+    }
+
+    private void draw(
+            Canvas fieldOverlay,
+            TrajectorySequence sequence, SequenceSegment currentSegment,
+            Pose2d targetPose, Pose2d poseEstimate
+    ) {
+        if (sequence != null) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < sequence.size(); i++) {
+                SequenceSegment segment = sequence.get(i);
+
+                if (segment instanceof TrajectorySegment) {
+                    fieldOverlay.setStrokeWidth(1);
+                    fieldOverlay.setStroke(COLOR_INACTIVE_TRAJECTORY);
+
+                    DashboardUtil.drawSampledPath(fieldOverlay, ((TrajectorySegment) segment).getTrajectory().getPath());
+                } else if (segment instanceof TurnSegment) {
+                    Pose2d pose = segment.getStartPose();
+
+                    fieldOverlay.setFill(COLOR_INACTIVE_TURN);
+                    fieldOverlay.fillCircle(pose.getX(), pose.getY(), 2);
+                } else if (segment instanceof WaitSegment) {
+                    Pose2d pose = segment.getStartPose();
+
+                    fieldOverlay.setStrokeWidth(1);
+                    fieldOverlay.setStroke(COLOR_INACTIVE_WAIT);
+                    fieldOverlay.strokeCircle(pose.getX(), pose.getY(), 3);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (currentSegment != null) {
+            if (currentSegment instanceof TrajectorySegment) {
+                Trajectory currentTrajectory = ((TrajectorySegment) currentSegment).getTrajectory();
+
+                fieldOverlay.setStrokeWidth(1);
+                fieldOverlay.setStroke(COLOR_ACTIVE_TRAJECTORY);
+
+                DashboardUtil.drawSampledPath(fieldOverlay, currentTrajectory.getPath());
+            } else if (currentSegment instanceof TurnSegment) {
+                Pose2d pose = currentSegment.getStartPose();
+
+                fieldOverlay.setFill(COLOR_ACTIVE_TURN);
+                fieldOverlay.fillCircle(pose.getX(), pose.getY(), 3);
+            } else if (currentSegment instanceof WaitSegment) {
+                Pose2d pose = currentSegment.getStartPose();
+
+                fieldOverlay.setStrokeWidth(1);
+                fieldOverlay.setStroke(COLOR_ACTIVE_WAIT);
+                fieldOverlay.strokeCircle(pose.getX(), pose.getY(), 3);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (targetPose != null) {
+            fieldOverlay.setStrokeWidth(1);
+            fieldOverlay.setStroke("#4CAF50");
+            DashboardUtil.drawRobot(fieldOverlay, targetPose);
+        }
+
+        fieldOverlay.setStroke("#3F51B5");
+        DashboardUtil.drawPoseHistory(fieldOverlay, poseHistory);
+
+        fieldOverlay.setStroke("#3F51B5");
+        DashboardUtil.drawRobot(fieldOverlay, poseEstimate);
+    }
+
+    public Pose2d getLastPoseError() {
+        return lastPoseError;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isBusy() {
+        return currentTrajectorySequence != null;
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/trajectorysequence/sequencesegment/SequenceSegment.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.sequencesegment;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.TrajectoryMarker;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public abstract class SequenceSegment {
+    private final double duration;
+    private final Pose2d startPose;
+    private final Pose2d endPose;
+    private final List<TrajectoryMarker> markers;
+
+    protected SequenceSegment(
+            double duration,
+            Pose2d startPose, Pose2d endPose,
+            List<TrajectoryMarker> markers
+    ) {
+        this.duration = duration;
+        this.startPose = startPose;
+        this.endPose = endPose;
+        this.markers = new ArrayList<>(markers);
+    }
+
+    public double getDuration() {
+        return this.duration;
+    }
+
+    public Pose2d getStartPose() {
+        return startPose;
+    }
+
+    public Pose2d getEndPose() {
+        return endPose;
+    }
+
+    public List<TrajectoryMarker> getMarkers() {
+        return markers;
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/trajectorysequence/sequencesegment/TrajectorySegment.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.sequencesegment;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.Trajectory;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+
+public final class TrajectorySegment extends SequenceSegment {
+    private final Trajectory trajectory;
+
+    public TrajectorySegment(Trajectory trajectory) {
+        // Note: Markers are already stored in the `Trajectory` itself.
+        // This class should not hold any markers
+        super(trajectory.duration(), trajectory.start(), trajectory.end(), Collections.emptyList());
+        this.trajectory = trajectory;
+    }
+
+    public Trajectory getTrajectory() {
+        return this.trajectory;
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/trajectorysequence/sequencesegment/TurnSegment.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.sequencesegment;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.profile.MotionProfile;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.TrajectoryMarker;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.util.Angle;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public final class TurnSegment extends SequenceSegment {
+    private final double totalRotation;
+    private final MotionProfile motionProfile;
+
+    public TurnSegment(Pose2d startPose, double totalRotation, MotionProfile motionProfile, List<TrajectoryMarker> markers) {
+        super(
+                motionProfile.duration(),
+                startPose,
+                new Pose2d(
+                        startPose.getX(), startPose.getY(),
+                        Angle.norm(startPose.getHeading() + totalRotation)
+                ),
+                markers
+        );
+
+        this.totalRotation = totalRotation;
+        this.motionProfile = motionProfile;
+    }
+
+    public final double getTotalRotation() {
+        return this.totalRotation;
+    }
+
+    public final MotionProfile getMotionProfile() {
+        return this.motionProfile;
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/trajectorysequence/sequencesegment/WaitSegment.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.trajectorysequence.sequencesegment;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.TrajectoryMarker;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public final class WaitSegment extends SequenceSegment {
+    public WaitSegment(Pose2d pose, double seconds, List<TrajectoryMarker> markers) {
+        super(seconds, pose, pose, markers);
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/util/AssetsTrajectoryManager.java

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util;
+
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.Trajectory;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.TrajectoryBuilder;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.config.TrajectoryConfig;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.config.TrajectoryConfigManager;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.trajectory.config.TrajectoryGroupConfig;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.internal.system.AppUtil;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+/**
+ * Set of utilities for loading trajectories from assets (the plugin save location).
+ */
+public class AssetsTrajectoryManager {
+
+    /**
+     * Loads the group config.
+     */
+    public static @Nullable
+    TrajectoryGroupConfig loadGroupConfig() {
+        try {
+            InputStream inputStream = AppUtil.getDefContext().getAssets().open(
+                    "trajectory/" + TrajectoryConfigManager.GROUP_FILENAME);
+            return TrajectoryConfigManager.loadGroupConfig(inputStream);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads a trajectory config with the given name.
+     */
+    public static @Nullable TrajectoryConfig loadConfig(String name) {
+        try {
+            InputStream inputStream = AppUtil.getDefContext().getAssets().open(
+                    "trajectory/" + name + ".yaml");
+            return TrajectoryConfigManager.loadConfig(inputStream);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads a trajectory builder with the given name.
+     */
+    public static @Nullable TrajectoryBuilder loadBuilder(String name) {
+        TrajectoryGroupConfig groupConfig = loadGroupConfig();
+        TrajectoryConfig config = loadConfig(name);
+        if (groupConfig == null || config == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return config.toTrajectoryBuilder(groupConfig);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads a trajectory with the given name.
+     */
+    public static @Nullable Trajectory load(String name) {
+        TrajectoryBuilder builder = loadBuilder(name);
+        if (builder == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/util/AxesSigns.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util;
+
+/**
+ * IMU axes signs in the order XYZ (after remapping).
+ */
+public enum AxesSigns {
+    PPP(0b000),
+    PPN(0b001),
+    PNP(0b010),
+    PNN(0b011),
+    NPP(0b100),
+    NPN(0b101),
+    NNP(0b110),
+    NNN(0b111);
+
+    public final int bVal;
+
+    AxesSigns(int bVal) {
+        this.bVal = bVal;
+    }
+
+    public static AxesSigns fromBinaryValue(int bVal) {
+        int maskedVal = bVal & 0x07;
+        switch (maskedVal) {
+            case 0b000:
+                return AxesSigns.PPP;
+            case 0b001:
+                return AxesSigns.PPN;
+            case 0b010:
+                return AxesSigns.PNP;
+            case 0b011:
+                return AxesSigns.PNN;
+            case 0b100:
+                return AxesSigns.NPP;
+            case 0b101:
+                return AxesSigns.NPN;
+            case 0b110:
+                return AxesSigns.NNP;
+            case 0b111:
+                return AxesSigns.NNN;
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected value for maskedVal: " + maskedVal);
+        }
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/util/AxisDirection.java

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util;
+
+/**
+ * A direction for an axis to be remapped to
+ */
+public enum AxisDirection {
+    POS_X, NEG_X, POS_Y, NEG_Y, POS_Z, NEG_Z
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/util/DashboardUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.dashboard.canvas.Canvas;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Vector2d;
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.path.Path;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Set of helper functions for drawing Road Runner paths and trajectories on dashboard canvases.
+ */
+public class DashboardUtil {
+    private static final double DEFAULT_RESOLUTION = 2.0; // distance units; presumed inches
+    private static final double ROBOT_RADIUS = 9; // in
+
+
+    public static void drawPoseHistory(Canvas canvas, List<Pose2d> poseHistory) {
+        double[] xPoints = new double[poseHistory.size()];
+        double[] yPoints = new double[poseHistory.size()];
+        for (int i = 0; i < poseHistory.size(); i++) {
+            Pose2d pose = poseHistory.get(i);
+            xPoints[i] = pose.getX();
+            yPoints[i] = pose.getY();
+        }
+        canvas.strokePolyline(xPoints, yPoints);
+    }
+
+    public static void drawSampledPath(Canvas canvas, Path path, double resolution) {
+        int samples = (int) Math.ceil(path.length() / resolution);
+        double[] xPoints = new double[samples];
+        double[] yPoints = new double[samples];
+        double dx = path.length() / (samples - 1);
+        for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
+            double displacement = i * dx;
+            Pose2d pose = path.get(displacement);
+            xPoints[i] = pose.getX();
+            yPoints[i] = pose.getY();
+        }
+        canvas.strokePolyline(xPoints, yPoints);
+    }
+
+    public static void drawSampledPath(Canvas canvas, Path path) {
+        drawSampledPath(canvas, path, DEFAULT_RESOLUTION);
+    }
+
+    public static void drawRobot(Canvas canvas, Pose2d pose) {
+        canvas.strokeCircle(pose.getX(), pose.getY(), ROBOT_RADIUS);
+        Vector2d v = pose.headingVec().times(ROBOT_RADIUS);
+        double x1 = pose.getX() + v.getX() / 2, y1 = pose.getY() + v.getY() / 2;
+        double x2 = pose.getX() + v.getX(), y2 = pose.getY() + v.getY();
+        canvas.strokeLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/util/Encoder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.util.NanoClock;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotorEx;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.DcMotorSimple;
+
+/**
+ * Wraps a motor instance to provide corrected velocity counts and allow reversing independently of the corresponding
+ * slot's motor direction
+ */
+public class Encoder {
+    private final static int CPS_STEP = 0x10000;
+
+    private static double inverseOverflow(double input, double estimate) {
+        // convert to uint16
+        int real = (int) input & 0xffff;
+        // initial, modulo-based correction: it can recover the remainder of 5 of the upper 16 bits
+        // because the velocity is always a multiple of 20 cps due to Expansion Hub's 50ms measurement window
+        real += ((real % 20) / 4) * CPS_STEP;
+        // estimate-based correction: it finds the nearest multiple of 5 to correct the upper bits by
+        real += Math.round((estimate - real) / (5 * CPS_STEP)) * 5 * CPS_STEP;
+        return real;
+    }
+
+    public enum Direction {
+        FORWARD(1),
+        REVERSE(-1);
+
+        private int multiplier;
+
+        Direction(int multiplier) {
+            this.multiplier = multiplier;
+        }
+
+        public int getMultiplier() {
+            return multiplier;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private DcMotorEx motor;
+    private NanoClock clock;
+
+    private Direction direction;
+
+    private int lastPosition;
+    private int velocityEstimateIdx;
+    private double[] velocityEstimates;
+    private double lastUpdateTime;
+
+    public Encoder(DcMotorEx motor, NanoClock clock) {
+        this.motor = motor;
+        this.clock = clock;
+
+        this.direction = Direction.FORWARD;
+
+        this.lastPosition = 0;
+        this.velocityEstimates = new double[3];
+        this.lastUpdateTime = clock.seconds();
+    }
+
+    public Encoder(DcMotorEx motor) {
+        this(motor, NanoClock.system());
+    }
+
+    public Direction getDirection() {
+        return direction;
+    }
+
+    private int getMultiplier() {
+        return getDirection().getMultiplier() * (motor.getDirection() == DcMotorSimple.Direction.FORWARD ? 1 : -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Allows you to set the direction of the counts and velocity without modifying the motor's direction state
+     * @param direction either reverse or forward depending on if encoder counts should be negated
+     */
+    public void setDirection(Direction direction) {
+        this.direction = direction;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the position from the underlying motor and adjusts for the set direction.
+     * Additionally, this method updates the velocity estimates used for compensated velocity
+     *
+     * @return encoder position
+     */
+    public int getCurrentPosition() {
+        int multiplier = getMultiplier();
+        int currentPosition = motor.getCurrentPosition() * multiplier;
+        if (currentPosition != lastPosition) {
+            double currentTime = clock.seconds();
+            double dt = currentTime - lastUpdateTime;
+            velocityEstimates[velocityEstimateIdx] = (currentPosition - lastPosition) / dt;
+            velocityEstimateIdx = (velocityEstimateIdx + 1) % 3;
+            lastPosition = currentPosition;
+            lastUpdateTime = currentTime;
+        }
+        return currentPosition;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the velocity directly from the underlying motor and compensates for the direction
+     * See {@link #getCorrectedVelocity} for high (>2^15) counts per second velocities (such as on REV Through Bore)
+     *
+     * @return raw velocity
+     */
+    public double getRawVelocity() {
+        int multiplier = getMultiplier();
+        return motor.getVelocity() * multiplier;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Uses velocity estimates gathered in {@link #getCurrentPosition} to estimate the upper bits of velocity
+     * that are lost in overflow due to velocity being transmitted as 16 bits.
+     * CAVEAT: must regularly call {@link #getCurrentPosition} for the compensation to work correctly.
+     *
+     * @return corrected velocity
+     */
+    public double getCorrectedVelocity() {
+        double median = velocityEstimates[0] > velocityEstimates[1]
+                ? Math.max(velocityEstimates[1], Math.min(velocityEstimates[0], velocityEstimates[2]))
+                : Math.max(velocityEstimates[0], Math.min(velocityEstimates[1], velocityEstimates[2]));
+        return inverseOverflow(getRawVelocity(), median);
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/util/LogFiles.java

@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util;
+
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.content.Context;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.geometry.Pose2d;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectWriter;
+import com.qualcomm.hardware.rev.RevHubOrientationOnRobot;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.OpMode;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.OpModeManagerImpl;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.eventloop.opmode.OpModeManagerNotifier;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.util.RobotLog;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.util.WebHandlerManager;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.ftccommon.external.WebHandlerRegistrar;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.internal.system.AppUtil;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.DriveConstants;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleMecanumDrive;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.SampleTankDrive;
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.drive.StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.text.DateFormat;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import fi.iki.elonen.NanoHTTPD;
+
+public final class LogFiles {
+    private static final File ROOT =
+            new File(AppUtil.ROOT_FOLDER + "/RoadRunner/logs/");
+
+    public static LogFile log = new LogFile("uninitialized");
+
+    public static class LogFile {
+        public String version = "quickstart1 v2";
+
+        public String opModeName;
+        public long msInit = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        public long nsInit = System.nanoTime();
+        public long nsStart, nsStop;
+
+        public double ticksPerRev = DriveConstants.TICKS_PER_REV;
+        public double maxRpm = DriveConstants.MAX_RPM;
+        public boolean runUsingEncoder = DriveConstants.RUN_USING_ENCODER;
+        public double motorP = DriveConstants.MOTOR_VELO_PID.p;
+        public double motorI = DriveConstants.MOTOR_VELO_PID.i;
+        public double motorD = DriveConstants.MOTOR_VELO_PID.d;
+        public double motorF = DriveConstants.MOTOR_VELO_PID.f;
+        public double wheelRadius = DriveConstants.WHEEL_RADIUS;
+        public double gearRatio = DriveConstants.GEAR_RATIO;
+        public double trackWidth = DriveConstants.TRACK_WIDTH;
+        public double kV = DriveConstants.kV;
+        public double kA = DriveConstants.kA;
+        public double kStatic = DriveConstants.kStatic;
+        public double maxVel = DriveConstants.MAX_VEL;
+        public double maxAccel = DriveConstants.MAX_ACCEL;
+        public double maxAngVel = DriveConstants.MAX_ANG_VEL;
+        public double maxAngAccel = DriveConstants.MAX_ANG_ACCEL;
+
+        public double mecTransP = SampleMecanumDrive.TRANSLATIONAL_PID.kP;
+        public double mecTransI = SampleMecanumDrive.TRANSLATIONAL_PID.kI;
+        public double mecTransD = SampleMecanumDrive.TRANSLATIONAL_PID.kD;
+        public double mecHeadingP = SampleMecanumDrive.HEADING_PID.kP;
+        public double mecHeadingI = SampleMecanumDrive.HEADING_PID.kI;
+        public double mecHeadingD = SampleMecanumDrive.HEADING_PID.kD;
+        public double mecLateralMultiplier = SampleMecanumDrive.LATERAL_MULTIPLIER;
+
+        public double tankAxialP = SampleTankDrive.AXIAL_PID.kP;
+        public double tankAxialI = SampleTankDrive.AXIAL_PID.kI;
+        public double tankAxialD = SampleTankDrive.AXIAL_PID.kD;
+        public double tankCrossTrackP = SampleTankDrive.CROSS_TRACK_PID.kP;
+        public double tankCrossTrackI = SampleTankDrive.CROSS_TRACK_PID.kI;
+        public double tankCrossTrackD = SampleTankDrive.CROSS_TRACK_PID.kD;
+        public double tankHeadingP = SampleTankDrive.HEADING_PID.kP;
+        public double tankHeadingI = SampleTankDrive.HEADING_PID.kI;
+        public double tankHeadingD = SampleTankDrive.HEADING_PID.kD;
+
+        public double trackingTicksPerRev = StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer.TICKS_PER_REV;
+        public double trackingWheelRadius = StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer.WHEEL_RADIUS;
+        public double trackingGearRatio = StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer.GEAR_RATIO;
+        public double trackingLateralDistance = StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer.LATERAL_DISTANCE;
+        public double trackingForwardOffset = StandardTrackingWheelLocalizer.FORWARD_OFFSET;
+
+        public RevHubOrientationOnRobot.LogoFacingDirection LOGO_FACING_DIR = DriveConstants.LOGO_FACING_DIR;
+        public RevHubOrientationOnRobot.UsbFacingDirection USB_FACING_DIR = DriveConstants.USB_FACING_DIR;
+
+        public List<Long> nsTimes = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        public List<Double> targetXs = new ArrayList<>();
+        public List<Double> targetYs = new ArrayList<>();
+        public List<Double> targetHeadings = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        public List<Double> xs = new ArrayList<>();
+        public List<Double> ys = new ArrayList<>();
+        public List<Double> headings = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        public List<Double> voltages = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        public List<List<Integer>> driveEncPositions = new ArrayList<>();
+        public List<List<Integer>> driveEncVels = new ArrayList<>();
+        public List<List<Integer>> trackingEncPositions = new ArrayList<>();
+        public List<List<Integer>> trackingEncVels = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        public LogFile(String opModeName) {
+            this.opModeName = opModeName;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void record(
+            Pose2d targetPose, Pose2d pose, double voltage,
+            List<Integer> lastDriveEncPositions, List<Integer> lastDriveEncVels, List<Integer> lastTrackingEncPositions, List<Integer> lastTrackingEncVels
+    ) {
+        long nsTime = System.nanoTime();
+        if (nsTime - log.nsStart > 3 * 60 * 1_000_000_000L) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        log.nsTimes.add(nsTime);
+
+        log.targetXs.add(targetPose.getX());
+        log.targetYs.add(targetPose.getY());
+        log.targetHeadings.add(targetPose.getHeading());
+
+        log.xs.add(pose.getX());
+        log.ys.add(pose.getY());
+        log.headings.add(pose.getHeading());
+
+        log.voltages.add(voltage);
+
+        while (log.driveEncPositions.size() < lastDriveEncPositions.size()) {
+            log.driveEncPositions.add(new ArrayList<>());
+        }
+        while (log.driveEncVels.size() < lastDriveEncVels.size()) {
+            log.driveEncVels.add(new ArrayList<>());
+        }
+        while (log.trackingEncPositions.size() < lastTrackingEncPositions.size()) {
+            log.trackingEncPositions.add(new ArrayList<>());
+        }
+        while (log.trackingEncVels.size() < lastTrackingEncVels.size()) {
+            log.trackingEncVels.add(new ArrayList<>());
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < lastDriveEncPositions.size(); i++) {
+            log.driveEncPositions.get(i).add(lastDriveEncPositions.get(i));
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < lastDriveEncVels.size(); i++) {
+            log.driveEncVels.get(i).add(lastDriveEncVels.get(i));
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < lastTrackingEncPositions.size(); i++) {
+            log.trackingEncPositions.get(i).add(lastTrackingEncPositions.get(i));
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < lastTrackingEncVels.size(); i++) {
+            log.trackingEncVels.get(i).add(lastTrackingEncVels.get(i));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final OpModeManagerNotifier.Notifications notifHandler = new OpModeManagerNotifier.Notifications() {
+        @SuppressLint("SimpleDateFormat")
+        final DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy_MM_dd__HH_mm_ss_SSS");
+
+        final ObjectWriter jsonWriter = new ObjectMapper(new JsonFactory())
+                .writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter();
+
+        @Override
+        public void onOpModePreInit(OpMode opMode) {
+            log = new LogFile(opMode.getClass().getCanonicalName());
+
+            // clean up old files
+            File[] fs = Objects.requireNonNull(ROOT.listFiles());
+            Arrays.sort(fs, (a, b) -> Long.compare(a.lastModified(), b.lastModified()));
+            long totalSizeBytes = 0;
+            for (File f : fs) {
+                totalSizeBytes += f.length();
+            }
+
+            int i = 0;
+            while (i < fs.length && totalSizeBytes >= 32 * 1000 * 1000) {
+                totalSizeBytes -= fs[i].length();
+                if (!fs[i].delete()) {
+                    RobotLog.setGlobalErrorMsg("Unable to delete file " + fs[i].getAbsolutePath());
+                }
+                ++i;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onOpModePreStart(OpMode opMode) {
+            log.nsStart = System.nanoTime();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onOpModePostStop(OpMode opMode) {
+            log.nsStop = System.nanoTime();
+
+            if (!(opMode instanceof OpModeManagerImpl.DefaultOpMode)) {
+                //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
+                ROOT.mkdirs();
+
+                String filename = dateFormat.format(new Date(log.msInit)) + "__" + opMode.getClass().getSimpleName() + ".json";
+                File file = new File(ROOT, filename);
+                try {
+                    jsonWriter.writeValue(file, log);
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    RobotLog.setGlobalErrorMsg(new RuntimeException(e),
+                            "Unable to write data to " + file.getAbsolutePath());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    @WebHandlerRegistrar
+    public static void registerRoutes(Context context, WebHandlerManager manager) {
+        //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
+        ROOT.mkdirs();
+
+        // op mode manager only stores a weak reference, so we need to keep notifHandler alive ourselves
+        // don't use @OnCreateEventLoop because it's unreliable
+        OpModeManagerImpl.getOpModeManagerOfActivity(
+                AppUtil.getInstance().getActivity()
+        ).registerListener(notifHandler);
+
+        manager.register("/logs", session -> {
+            final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            sb.append("<!doctype html><html><head><title>Logs</title></head><body><ul>");
+            File[] fs = Objects.requireNonNull(ROOT.listFiles());
+            Arrays.sort(fs, (a, b) -> Long.compare(b.lastModified(), a.lastModified()));
+            for (File f : fs) {
+                sb.append("<li><a href=\"/logs/download?file=");
+                sb.append(f.getName());
+                sb.append("\" download=\"");
+                sb.append(f.getName());
+                sb.append("\">");
+                sb.append(f.getName());
+                sb.append("</a></li>");
+            }
+            sb.append("</ul></body></html>");
+            return NanoHTTPD.newFixedLengthResponse(NanoHTTPD.Response.Status.OK,
+                    NanoHTTPD.MIME_HTML, sb.toString());
+        });
+
+        manager.register("/logs/download", session -> {
+            final String[] pairs = session.getQueryParameterString().split("&");
+            if (pairs.length != 1) {
+                return NanoHTTPD.newFixedLengthResponse(NanoHTTPD.Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
+                        NanoHTTPD.MIME_PLAINTEXT, "expected one query parameter, got " + pairs.length);
+            }
+
+            final String[] parts = pairs[0].split("=");
+            if (!parts[0].equals("file")) {
+                return NanoHTTPD.newFixedLengthResponse(NanoHTTPD.Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
+                        NanoHTTPD.MIME_PLAINTEXT, "expected file query parameter, got " + parts[0]);
+            }
+
+            File f = new File(ROOT, parts[1]);
+            if (!f.exists()) {
+                return NanoHTTPD.newFixedLengthResponse(NanoHTTPD.Response.Status.NOT_FOUND,
+                        NanoHTTPD.MIME_PLAINTEXT, "file " + f + " doesn't exist");
+            }
+
+            return NanoHTTPD.newChunkedResponse(NanoHTTPD.Response.Status.OK,
+                    "application/json", new FileInputStream(f));
+        });
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/util/LoggingUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.internal.system.AppUtil;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Utility functions for log files.
+ */
+public class LoggingUtil {
+    public static final File ROAD_RUNNER_FOLDER =
+            new File(AppUtil.ROOT_FOLDER + "/RoadRunner/");
+
+    private static final long LOG_QUOTA = 25 * 1024 * 1024; // 25MB log quota for now
+
+    private static void buildLogList(List<File> logFiles, File dir) {
+        for (File file : dir.listFiles()) {
+            if (file.isDirectory()) {
+                buildLogList(logFiles, file);
+            } else {
+                logFiles.add(file);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void pruneLogsIfNecessary() {
+        List<File> logFiles = new ArrayList<>();
+        buildLogList(logFiles, ROAD_RUNNER_FOLDER);
+        Collections.sort(logFiles, (lhs, rhs) ->
+                Long.compare(lhs.lastModified(), rhs.lastModified()));
+
+        long dirSize = 0;
+        for (File file: logFiles) {
+            dirSize += file.length();
+        }
+
+        while (dirSize > LOG_QUOTA) {
+            if (logFiles.size() == 0) break;
+            File fileToRemove = logFiles.remove(0);
+            dirSize -= fileToRemove.length();
+            //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
+            fileToRemove.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Obtain a log file with the provided name
+     */
+    public static File getLogFile(String name) {
+        //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
+        ROAD_RUNNER_FOLDER.mkdirs();
+
+        pruneLogsIfNecessary();
+
+        return new File(ROAD_RUNNER_FOLDER, name);
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/util/LynxModuleUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util;
+
+import com.qualcomm.hardware.lynx.LynxModule;
+import com.qualcomm.robotcore.hardware.HardwareMap;
+
+import org.firstinspires.ftc.robotcore.internal.system.Misc;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Collection of utilites for interacting with Lynx modules.
+ */
+public class LynxModuleUtil {
+
+    private static final LynxFirmwareVersion MIN_VERSION = new LynxFirmwareVersion(1, 8, 2);
+
+    /**
+     * Parsed representation of a Lynx module firmware version.
+     */
+    public static class LynxFirmwareVersion implements Comparable<LynxFirmwareVersion> {
+        public final int major;
+        public final int minor;
+        public final int eng;
+
+        public LynxFirmwareVersion(int major, int minor, int eng) {
+            this.major = major;
+            this.minor = minor;
+            this.eng = eng;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object other) {
+            if (other instanceof LynxFirmwareVersion) {
+                LynxFirmwareVersion otherVersion = (LynxFirmwareVersion) other;
+                return major == otherVersion.major && minor == otherVersion.minor &&
+                        eng == otherVersion.eng;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(LynxFirmwareVersion other) {
+            int majorComp = Integer.compare(major, other.major);
+            if (majorComp == 0) {
+                int minorComp = Integer.compare(minor, other.minor);
+                if (minorComp == 0) {
+                    return Integer.compare(eng, other.eng);
+                } else {
+                    return minorComp;
+                }
+            } else {
+                return majorComp;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return Misc.formatInvariant("%d.%d.%d", major, minor, eng);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve and parse Lynx module firmware version.
+     * @param module Lynx module
+     * @return parsed firmware version
+     */
+    public static LynxFirmwareVersion getFirmwareVersion(LynxModule module) {
+        String versionString = module.getNullableFirmwareVersionString();
+        if (versionString == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        String[] parts = versionString.split("[ :,]+");
+        try {
+            // note: for now, we ignore the hardware entry
+            return new LynxFirmwareVersion(
+                    Integer.parseInt(parts[3]),
+                    Integer.parseInt(parts[5]),
+                    Integer.parseInt(parts[7])
+            );
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exception indicating an outdated Lynx firmware version.
+     */
+    public static class LynxFirmwareVersionException extends RuntimeException {
+        public LynxFirmwareVersionException(String detailMessage) {
+            super(detailMessage);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensure all of the Lynx modules attached to the robot satisfy the minimum requirement.
+     * @param hardwareMap hardware map containing Lynx modules
+     */
+    public static void ensureMinimumFirmwareVersion(HardwareMap hardwareMap) {
+        Map<String, LynxFirmwareVersion> outdatedModules = new HashMap<>();
+        for (LynxModule module : hardwareMap.getAll(LynxModule.class)) {
+            LynxFirmwareVersion version = getFirmwareVersion(module);
+            if (version == null || version.compareTo(MIN_VERSION) < 0) {
+                for (String name : hardwareMap.getNamesOf(module)) {
+                    outdatedModules.put(name, version);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (outdatedModules.size() > 0) {
+            StringBuilder msgBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+            msgBuilder.append("One or more of the attached Lynx modules has outdated firmware\n");
+            msgBuilder.append(Misc.formatInvariant("Mandatory minimum firmware version for Road Runner: %s\n",
+                    MIN_VERSION.toString()));
+            for (Map.Entry<String, LynxFirmwareVersion> entry : outdatedModules.entrySet()) {
+                msgBuilder.append(Misc.formatInvariant(
+                        "\t%s: %s\n", entry.getKey(),
+                        entry.getValue() == null ? "Unknown" : entry.getValue().toString()));
+            }
+            throw new LynxFirmwareVersionException(msgBuilder.toString());
+        }
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/util/PersonalPID.java

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util;
+
+/**
+ * This is a PID controller (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller)
+ * for your robot. Internally, it performs all the calculations for you.
+ * You need to tune your values to the appropriate amounts in order
+ * to properly utilize these calculations.
+ * <p>
+ * The equation we will use is:
+ * u(t) = kP * e(t) + kI * int(0,t)[e(t')dt'] + kD * e'(t) + kF
+ * where e(t) = r(t) - y(t) and r(t) is the setpoint and y(t) is the
+ * measured value. If we consider e(t) the positional error, then
+ * int(0,t)[e(t')dt'] is the total error and e'(t) is the velocity error.
+ */
+public class PersonalPID {
+
+    private double kP, kI, kD, kF;
+    private double setPoint;
+    private double measuredValue;
+    private double minIntegral, maxIntegral;
+
+    private double errorVal_p;
+    private double errorVal_v;
+
+    private double totalError;
+    private double prevErrorVal;
+
+    private double errorTolerance_p = 0.05;
+    private double errorTolerance_v = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+
+    private double lastTimeStamp;
+    private double period;
+
+    /**
+     * The base constructor for the PIDF controller
+     */
+    public PersonalPID(double kp, double ki, double kd, double kf) {
+        this(kp, ki, kd, kf, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This is the full constructor for the PIDF controller. Our PIDF controller
+     * includes a feed-forward value which is useful for fighting friction and gravity.
+     * Our errorVal represents the return of e(t) and prevErrorVal is the previous error.
+     *
+     * @param sp The setpoint of the pid control loop.
+     * @param pv The measured value of he pid control loop. We want sp = pv, or to the degree
+     *           such that sp - pv, or e(t) < tolerance.
+     */
+    public PersonalPID(double kp, double ki, double kd, double kf, double sp, double pv) {
+        kP = kp;
+        kI = ki;
+        kD = kd;
+        kF = kf;
+
+        setPoint = sp;
+        measuredValue = pv;
+
+        minIntegral = -1.0;
+        maxIntegral = 1.0;
+
+        lastTimeStamp = 0;
+        period = 0;
+
+        errorVal_p = setPoint - measuredValue;
+        reset();
+    }
+
+    public void reset() {
+        totalError = 0;
+        prevErrorVal = 0;
+        lastTimeStamp = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the error which is considered tolerable for use with {@link #atSetPoint()}.
+     *
+     * @param positionTolerance Position error which is tolerable.
+     */
+    public void setTolerance(double positionTolerance) {
+        setTolerance(positionTolerance, Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the error which is considered tolerable for use with {@link #atSetPoint()}.
+     *
+     * @param positionTolerance Position error which is tolerable.
+     * @param velocityTolerance Velocity error which is tolerable.
+     */
+    public void setTolerance(double positionTolerance, double velocityTolerance) {
+        errorTolerance_p = positionTolerance;
+        errorTolerance_v = velocityTolerance;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current setpoint of the PIDFController.
+     *
+     * @return The current setpoint.
+     */
+    public double getSetPoint() {
+        return setPoint;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the setpoint for the PIDFController
+     *
+     * @param sp The desired setpoint.
+     */
+    public void setSetPoint(double sp) {
+        setPoint = sp;
+        errorVal_p = setPoint - measuredValue;
+        errorVal_v = (errorVal_p - prevErrorVal) / period;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the error is within the percentage of the total input range, determined by
+     * {@link #setTolerance}.
+     *
+     * @return Whether the error is within the acceptable bounds.
+     */
+    public boolean atSetPoint() {
+        return Math.abs(errorVal_p) < errorTolerance_p
+                && Math.abs(errorVal_v) < errorTolerance_v;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the PIDF coefficients
+     */
+    public double[] getCoefficients() {
+        return new double[]{kP, kI, kD, kF};
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the positional error e(t)
+     */
+    public double getPositionError() {
+        return errorVal_p;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the tolerances of the controller
+     */
+    public double[] getTolerance() {
+        return new double[]{errorTolerance_p, errorTolerance_v};
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the velocity error e'(t)
+     */
+    public double getVelocityError() {
+        return errorVal_v;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates the next output of the PIDF controller.
+     *
+     * @return the next output using the current measured value via
+     * {@link #calculate(double)}.
+     */
+    public double calculate() {
+        return calculate(measuredValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates the next output of the PIDF controller.
+     *
+     * @param pv The given measured value.
+     * @param sp The given setpoint.
+     * @return the next output using the given measurd value via
+     * {@link #calculate(double)}.
+     */
+    public double calculate(double pv, double sp) {
+        // set the setpoint to the provided value
+        setSetPoint(sp);
+        return calculate(pv);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates the control value, u(t).
+     *
+     * @param pv The current measurement of the process variable.
+     * @return the value produced by u(t).
+     */
+    public double calculate(double pv) {
+        prevErrorVal = errorVal_p;
+
+        double currentTimeStamp = (double) System.nanoTime() / 1E9;
+        if (lastTimeStamp == 0) lastTimeStamp = currentTimeStamp;
+        period = currentTimeStamp - lastTimeStamp;
+        lastTimeStamp = currentTimeStamp;
+
+        if (measuredValue == pv) {
+            errorVal_p = setPoint - measuredValue;
+        } else {
+            errorVal_p = setPoint - pv;
+            measuredValue = pv;
+        }
+
+        if (Math.abs(period) > 1E-6) {
+            errorVal_v = (errorVal_p - prevErrorVal) / period;
+        } else {
+            errorVal_v = 0;
+        }
+
+        /*
+        if total error is the integral from 0 to t of e(t')dt', and
+        e(t) = sp - pv, then the total error, E(t), equals sp*t - pv*t.
+         */
+        totalError += period * (setPoint - measuredValue);
+        totalError = totalError < minIntegral ? minIntegral : Math.min(maxIntegral, totalError);
+
+        // returns u(t)
+        return kP * errorVal_p + kI * totalError + kD * errorVal_v + kF * setPoint;
+    }
+
+    public void setPIDF(double kp, double ki, double kd, double kf) {
+        kP = kp;
+        kI = ki;
+        kD = kd;
+        kF = kf;
+    }
+
+    public void setIntegrationBounds(double integralMin, double integralMax) {
+        minIntegral = integralMin;
+        maxIntegral = integralMax;
+    }
+
+    public void clearTotalError() {
+        totalError = 0;
+    }
+
+    public void setP(double kp) {
+        kP = kp;
+    }
+
+    public void setI(double ki) {
+        kI = ki;
+    }
+
+    public void setD(double kd) {
+        kD = kd;
+    }
+
+    public void setF(double kf) {
+        kF = kf;
+    }
+
+    public double getP() {
+        return kP;
+    }
+
+    public double getI() {
+        return kI;
+    }
+
+    public double getD() {
+        return kD;
+    }
+
+    public double getF() {
+        return kF;
+    }
+
+    public double getPeriod() {
+        return period;
+    }
+
+}

TeamCode/src/main/java/org/firstinspires/ftc/teamcode/util/RegressionUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+package org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode.util;
+
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.acmerobotics.roadrunner.kinematics.Kinematics;
+
+import org.apache.commons.math3.stat.regression.SimpleRegression;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Various regression utilities.
+ */
+public class RegressionUtil {
+
+    /**
+     * Feedforward parameter estimates from the ramp regression and additional summary statistics
+     */
+    public static class RampResult {
+        public final double kV, kStatic, rSquare;
+
+        public RampResult(double kV, double kStatic, double rSquare) {
+            this.kV = kV;
+            this.kStatic = kStatic;
+            this.rSquare = rSquare;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Feedforward parameter estimates from the ramp regression and additional summary statistics
+     */
+    public static class AccelResult {
+        public final double kA, rSquare;
+
+        public AccelResult(double kA, double rSquare) {
+            this.kA = kA;
+            this.rSquare = rSquare;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Numerically compute dy/dx from the given x and y values. The returned list is padded to match
+     * the length of the original sequences.
+     *
+     * @param x x-values
+     * @param y y-values
+     * @return derivative values
+     */
+    private static List<Double> numericalDerivative(List<Double> x, List<Double> y) {
+        List<Double> deriv = new ArrayList<>(x.size());
+        for (int i = 1; i < x.size() - 1; i++) {
+            deriv.add(
+                    (y.get(i + 1) - y.get(i - 1)) /
+                    (x.get(i + 1) - x.get(i - 1))
+            );
+        }
+        // copy endpoints to pad output
+        deriv.add(0, deriv.get(0));
+        deriv.add(deriv.get(deriv.size() - 1));
+        return deriv;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run regression to compute velocity and static feedforward from ramp test data.
+     *
+     * Here's the general procedure for gathering the requisite data:
+     *   1. Slowly ramp the motor power/voltage and record encoder values along the way.
+     *   2. Run a linear regression on the encoder velocity vs. motor power plot to obtain a slope
+     *      (kV) and an optional intercept (kStatic).
+     *
+     * @param timeSamples time samples
+     * @param positionSamples position samples
+     * @param powerSamples power samples
+     * @param fitStatic fit kStatic
+     * @param file log file
+     */
+    public static RampResult fitRampData(List<Double> timeSamples, List<Double> positionSamples,
+                                         List<Double> powerSamples, boolean fitStatic,
+                                         @Nullable File file) {
+        if (file != null) {
+            try (PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(file)) {
+                pw.println("time,position,power");
+                for (int i = 0; i < timeSamples.size(); i++) {
+                    double time = timeSamples.get(i);
+                    double pos = positionSamples.get(i);
+                    double power = powerSamples.get(i);
+                    pw.println(time + "," + pos + "," + power);
+                }
+            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+                // ignore
+            }
+        }
+
+        List<Double> velSamples = numericalDerivative(timeSamples, positionSamples);
+
+        SimpleRegression rampReg = new SimpleRegression(fitStatic);
+        for (int i = 0; i < timeSamples.size(); i++) {
+            double vel = velSamples.get(i);
+            double power = powerSamples.get(i);
+
+            rampReg.addData(vel, power);
+        }
+
+        return new RampResult(Math.abs(rampReg.getSlope()), Math.abs(rampReg.getIntercept()),
+                              rampReg.getRSquare());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run regression to compute acceleration feedforward.
+     *
+     * @param timeSamples time samples
+     * @param positionSamples position samples
+     * @param powerSamples power samples
+     * @param rampResult ramp result
+     * @param file log file
+     */
+    public static AccelResult fitAccelData(List<Double> timeSamples, List<Double> positionSamples,
+                                           List<Double> powerSamples, RampResult rampResult,
+                                           @Nullable File file) {
+        if (file != null) {
+            try (PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(file)) {
+                pw.println("time,position,power");
+                for (int i = 0; i < timeSamples.size(); i++) {
+                    double time = timeSamples.get(i);
+                    double pos = positionSamples.get(i);
+                    double power = powerSamples.get(i);
+                    pw.println(time + "," + pos + "," + power);
+                }
+            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+                // ignore
+            }
+        }
+
+        List<Double> velSamples = numericalDerivative(timeSamples, positionSamples);
+        List<Double> accelSamples = numericalDerivative(timeSamples, velSamples);
+
+        SimpleRegression accelReg = new SimpleRegression(false);
+        for (int i = 0; i < timeSamples.size(); i++) {
+            double vel = velSamples.get(i);
+            double accel = accelSamples.get(i);
+            double power = powerSamples.get(i);
+
+            double powerFromVel = Kinematics.calculateMotorFeedforward(
+                    vel, 0.0, rampResult.kV, 0.0, rampResult.kStatic);
+            double powerFromAccel = power - powerFromVel;
+
+            accelReg.addData(accel, powerFromAccel);
+        }
+
+        return new AccelResult(Math.abs(accelReg.getSlope()), accelReg.getRSquare());
+    }
+}

TeamCode/src/main/res/raw/readme.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Place your sound files in this folder to use them as project resources.

TeamCode/src/main/res/values/strings.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<resources>
+
+</resources>

TeamCode/src/main/res/xml/teamwebcamcalibrations.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' standalone='yes' ?>
+<!-- 
+  This file can provide additional camera calibration settings beyond those built into the SDK itself.
+  Each calibration is for a particular camera (indicated by USB vid & pid pair) and a particular
+  capture resolution for the camera. Note: it is very important when capturing images used to calibrate
+  a camera that the image acquisition tool can actually control this capture resolution within the camera
+  itself and that you use this setting correctly. Many image acquistion tools do not in fact provide
+  this level of control.
+
+  Beyond simply providing additional, new camera calibrations, calibrations provided herein can
+  *replace/update* those that are builtin to the SDK. This matching is keyed, of course, by the
+  (vid, pid, size) triple. Further, if such a calibration has the 'remove' attribute with value 'true',
+  any existing calibration with that key is removed (and the calibration itself not added).
+
+  Calibrations are internally processed according to aspect ratio. If a format is requested in a size
+  that is not calibrated, but a calibration does exist for the same aspect ratio on the same camera,
+  then the latter will be scaled to accommodate the request. For example, if a 640x480 calibration
+  is requested but only a 800x600 calibration exists for that camera, then the 800x600 is scaled
+  down to service the 640x480 request.
+
+  Further, it is important to note that if *no* calibrations exist for a given camera, then Vuforia
+  is offered the entire range of capture resolutions that the hardware can support (and it does its
+  best to deal with the lack of calibration). However, if *any* calibrations are provided for a camera,
+  then capture resolutions in those aspect ratios supported by the camera for which any calibrations
+  are *not* provided are *not* offered. Thus, if you calibrate a camera but fail to calibrate all
+  the camera's supported aspect ratios, you limit the choices of capture resolutions that Vuforia can
+  select from.
+
+  One image acquisition program that supports control of camera capture resolution is YouCam 7:
+    https://www.cyberlink.com/products/youcam/features_en_US.html
+
+  Programs that can process acquired images to determine camera calibration settings include:
+    https://www.3dflow.net/3df-zephyr-free/ (see "Utilities/Images/Launch Camera Calibration" therein)
+    http://graphics.cs.msu.ru/en/node/909
+  Note that the type of images that must be acquired in order to calibrate is specific to the
+  calibration software used.
+
+  The required contents are illustrated here by example. Note that for the attribute names, both the
+  camelCase or the underscore_variations are supported; they are equivalent. The attributes for
+  each Calibration are as follows:
+
+    size (int pair): space separated camera resolution (width, height).
+    focalLength (float pair): space separated focal length value.
+    principalPoint (float pair): space separated principal point values (width, height).
+    distortionCoefficients (an 8-element float array): distortion coefficients in the following form
+        (r:radial, t:tangential): [r0, r1, t0, t1, r2, r3, r4, r5]
+        see https://docs.opencv.org/2.4/modules/calib3d/doc/camera_calibration_and_3d_reconstruction.html
+
+  The examples here are commented out as the values are built-in to the FTC SDK. They serve instead
+  here as examples on how make your own.
+
+-->
+<Calibrations>
+
+    <!-- ======================================================================================= -->
+
+    <!-- Microsoft Lifecam HD 3000 v1, Calibrated by PTC using unknown tooling -->
+    <!-- <Camera vid="Microsoft" pid="0x0779">
+        <Calibration
+            size="640 480"
+            focalLength="678.154f, 678.17f"
+            principalPoint="318.135f, 228.374f"
+            distortionCoefficients="0.154576f, -1.19143f, 0f, 0f, 2.06105f, 0f, 0f, 0f"
+            />
+    </Camera> -->
+
+    <!-- ======================================================================================= -->
+
+    <!-- Microsoft Lifecam HD 3000 v2, Calibrated by PTC using unknown tooling -->
+    <!-- <Camera vid="Microsoft" pid="0x0810">
+        <Calibration
+            size="640 480"
+            focalLength="678.154f, 678.17f"
+            principalPoint="318.135f, 228.374f"
+            distortionCoefficients="0.154576f, -1.19143f, 0f, 0f, 2.06105f, 0f, 0f, 0f"
+            />
+    </Camera> -->
+
+    <!-- ======================================================================================= -->
+
+    <!-- Logitech HD Webcam C310, Calibrated by by Robert Atkinson, 2018.05.30 using 3DF Zephyr -->
+    <!-- <Camera vid="Logitech" pid="0x081B">
+        <Calibration
+            size="640 480"
+            focalLength="821.993f, 821.993f"
+            principalPoint="330.489f, 248.997f"
+            distortionCoefficients="-0.018522, 1.03979, 0, 0, -3.3171, 0, 0, 0"
+            />
+
+        <Calibration
+            size="640 360"
+            focalLength="715.307f, 715.307f"
+            principalPoint="319.759f, 188.917f"
+            distortionCoefficients="-0.0258948, 1.06258, 0, 0, -3.40245, 0, 0, 0"
+            />
+    </Camera> -->
+
+    <!-- ======================================================================================= -->
+
+    <!-- Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920, Calibrated by Robert Atkinson, 2018.05.30 using 3DF Zephyr -->
+    <!-- <Camera vid="Logitech" pid="0x082D">
+
+        <Calibration
+            size="640 480"
+            focalLength="622.001f, 622.001f"
+            principalPoint="319.803f, 241.251f"
+            distortionCoefficients="0.1208, -0.261599, 0, 0, 0.10308, 0, 0, 0"
+            />
+
+        <Calibration
+            size="800 600"
+            focalLength="775.79f, 775.79f"
+            principalPoint="400.898f, 300.79f"
+            distortionCoefficients="0.112507, -0.272067, 0, 0, 0.15775, 0, 0, 0"
+            />
+
+        <Calibration
+            size="640 360"
+            focalLength="463.566f, 463.566f"
+            principalPoint="316.402f, 176.412f"
+            distortionCoefficients="0.111626 , -0.255626, 0, 0, 0.107992, 0, 0, 0"
+            />
+
+        <Calibration
+            size="1920, 1080"
+            focalLength="1385.92f , 1385.92f"
+            principalPoint="951.982f , 534.084f"
+            distortionCoefficients="0.117627, -0.248549, 0, 0, 0.107441, 0, 0, 0"
+            />
+
+        <Calibration
+            size="800, 448"
+            focalLength="578.272f , 578.272f"
+            principalPoint="402.145f , 221.506f"
+            distortionCoefficients="0.12175, -0.251652 , 0, 0, 0.112142, 0, 0, 0"
+            />
+
+        <Calibration
+            size="864, 480"
+            focalLength="626.909f , 626.909f"
+            principalPoint="426.007f , 236.834f"
+            distortionCoefficients="0.120988, -0.253336 , 0, 0, 0.102445, 0, 0, 0"
+            />
+
+    </Camera> -->
+
+    <!-- ======================================================================================= -->
+
+    <!-- Logitech HD Webcam C270, Calibrated by Noah Andrews, 2019.03.13 using 3DF Zephyr -->
+    <!--<Camera vid="Logitech" pid="0x0825">
+        <Calibration
+            size="640 480"
+            focalLength="822.317f, 822.317f"
+            principalPoint="319.495f, 242.502f"
+            distortionCoefficients="-0.0449369, 1.17277, 0, 0, -3.63244, 0, 0, 0"
+            />
+    </Camera> -->
+
+    <!-- ======================================================================================= -->
+
+</Calibrations>