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notes/phys1/phys1_extra.txt

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+--- ELASTIC COLLISIONS ---
+(vA' and vB' are final velocities)
+
+vA' Formula:
+vA=((m1-m2)/(m1+m2))*v1+(2*m2/(m1+m2))*v2
+
+vB' Formula:
+vB=(2*m1/(m1+m2))*v1+((m2-m1)/(m1+m2))*v2
+
+--- TORRICELLI (NO TIME) ---
+(vf = final, vi = initial, a = accel, d = dist)
+
+Final Velocity:
+vf=sqrt(vi^2+2*a*d)
+
+Distance/Displacement:
+d=(vf^2-vi^2)/(2*a)
+
+Acceleration:
+a=(vf^2-vi^2)/(2*d)

notes/phys1/phys1_unit_notes.txt

@@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
-== AP PHYSICS 1 UNIT 1: KINEMATICS ==
-Scalars vs vectors: magnitude only vs magnitude+direction
-1D motion: track position, velocity, acceleration separately
-Slope of position-time = velocity
-Slope of velocity-time = acceleration
-Area under velocity-time = displacement
-Average velocity = total displacement / total time
-Constant acceleration: use kinematic equations
-Instantaneous velocity = slope of position-time at point
-Reference frames: relative velocity
-Vectors in 2D: add/subtract components, resolve angles
-Projectile: horizontal = constant velocity, vertical = constant acceleration
-Range = v_x*t, max height = v_y^2/(2g)
-Symmetry: time up = time down (launch/land same height)
-Acceleration always points down = g
-Equal time intervals: equal vertical displacement increments
-
-== AP PHYSICS 1 UNIT 2: FORCE AND TRANSLATIONAL DYNAMICS ==
-System: choose boundaries, internal forces cancel
-External forces cause system acceleration
-ΣF = ma (net force = mass x acceleration)
-Free-body diagram: ONLY external forces on chosen object
-Weight = mg (field force)
-Normal force: contact perpendicular, NOT always equal to weight
-Friction: kinetic = μ_k*F_N, static ≤ μ_s*F_N
-Friction opposes motion, direction opposite velocity
-Incline: resolve gravity into parallel (mg sin θ) and perpendicular (mg cos θ)
-Tension: pulls along string/rope, same throughout ideal rope
-Pulley: massless frictionless pulley transmits force unchanged
-Newton's 3rd Law: action-reaction pairs equal opposite different objects
-Mass vs weight: mass constant, weight depends on location
-Equilibrium: ΣF = 0, not necessarily zero velocity
-Terminal velocity: when drag = weight, a = 0, v constant
-
-== AP PHYSICS 1 UNIT 3: WORK, ENERGY, AND POWER ==
-Work done: W = F*d*cos(θ) where θ is angle between force and displacement
-Only force component parallel to displacement does work
-Negative work: force opposes motion (friction, air resistance)
-Work-energy theorem: net work = change in kinetic energy
-Kinetic energy: KE = 0.5*m*v^2
-Conservative force: work path independent (gravity, spring)
-Non-conservative force: work path dependent (friction)
-Gravitational PE: PE_g = m*g*Δh (only height change matters)
-Spring PE: PE_s = 0.5*k*x^2 where x is displacement from equilibrium
-Mechanical energy: E = KE + PE
-Conservation of energy: E_initial = E_final (if only conservative forces)
-Non-conservative work: W_nc = ΔKE + ΔPE
-Power: P = W/t (average) or P = F*v (instantaneous)
-Energy transfer via work
-Energy transfers between forms, never created/destroyed
-
-== AP PHYSICS 1 UNIT 4: LINEAR MOMENTUM AND COLLISIONS ==
-Momentum: p = m*v (vector quantity)
-Impulse: J = F_avg*Δt = Δp (change in momentum)
-Impulse-momentum theorem: impulse = momentum change
-Force-time graph area = impulse
-Center of mass: x_cm = Σ(m_i*x_i) / Σm_i
-v_cm = Σ(m_i*v_i) / Σm_i
-Conservation of momentum: Σp_initial = Σp_final (isolated system)
-External force = rate of change of momentum
-Elastic collision: KE conserved AND momentum conserved
-Inelastic collision: momentum conserved, KE NOT conserved
-Perfectly inelastic: objects stick together, max KE loss
-1D vs 2D: use components for 2D collisions
-Explosions: reverse of inelastic collision, momentum conserved
-Internal forces don't change center of mass motion
-
-== AP PHYSICS 1 UNIT 5: TORQUE AND ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS ==
-Torque: τ = r*F*sin(θ) = F_perp*r
-r is distance from pivot to force application point
-Lever arm: perpendicular distance from pivot to force line
-τ = I*α (rotational analog of F = ma)
-Moment of inertia: I = Σ(m_i*r_i^2)
-Parallel axis theorem: I = I_cm + M*d^2
-Rotational KE: KE_rot = 0.5*I*ω^2
-Angular momentum: L = I*ω
-Angular momentum conserved if no external torque
-Rotational work: W = τ*Δθ
-Rotational power: P = τ*ω
-Rolling without slipping: v = r*ω, a = r*α
-Static friction enables rolling
-Angular acceleration same for all points
-Angular velocity same for all points
-Angular momentum: L = m*v*r*sin(θ) for point mass
-Rotational inertia depends on mass distribution
-
-== AP PHYSICS 1 UNIT 6: ENERGY AND MOMENTUM OF ROTATING SYSTEMS ==
-Rotational systems: combine translational + rotational energy
-Rolling objects: total KE = KE_trans + KE_rot
-Solid sphere: I = 0.5*M*R^2
-Hollow sphere: I = 2/3*M*R^2
-Disk/cylinder: I = 0.5*M*R^2
-Hoop: I = M*R^2
-Angular impulse: J_ang = τ*Δt = ΔL
-Angular momentum conserved if Στ_ext = 0
-Collisions of rotating systems
-Rolling friction vs static friction (no slip = static)
-Angular momentum conservation in collisions
-Energy conservation includes rotational terms
-Angular momentum transfer between objects
-Rotational energy transfer via work
-
-== AP PHYSICS 1 UNIT 7: OSCILLATIONS ==
-Simple harmonic motion (SHM): restoring force F = -k*x
-Equilibrium position: net force = 0
-Amplitude: maximum displacement from equilibrium
-Period: time for one complete cycle
-Frequency: f = 1/T cycles per second
-Angular frequency: ω = 2πf
-Spring oscillator period: T_s = 2π*sqrt(m/k)
-Pendulum period: T_p = 2π*sqrt(L/g)
-Simple pendulum: small angles only (<15°)
-Period independent of mass (spring) or amplitude (small angles)
-Energy in SHM: E = 0.5*k*A^2 = 0.5*m*v_max^2
-PE_max = KE_max at equilibrium
-At extremes: v = 0, a = max, PE = max, KE = 0
-At center: a = 0, v = max, PE = min, KE = max
-Damped oscillation: energy loss to friction
-Forced oscillation: driving frequency
-Resonance: driving freq = natural freq
-Period vs frequency inverse relationship
-
-== AP PHYSICS 1 UNIT 8: FLUIDS ==
-Density: ρ = m/V (constant for incompressible)
-Pressure: P = F/A (force perpendicular to surface)
-Pressure increases with depth: P = P_0 + ρ*g*h
-Gauge pressure: P_gauge = ρ*g*h
-Atmospheric pressure: ~1 atm = 1.0E5 Pa = 101 kPa
-Pascal's principle: pressure change transmits equally
-Buoyant force: F_b = ρ_fluid*V_displaced*g
-Archimedes: buoyant force = weight of displaced fluid
-Object floats if ρ_object < ρ_fluid
-Floats submerged if ρ_object = ρ_fluid (neutral buoyancy)
-Sink if ρ_object > ρ_fluid
-Continuity equation: A_1*v_1 = A_2*v_2 (incompressible flow)
-Bernoulli: P_1 + 0.5*ρ*v_1^2 + ρ*g*h_1 = P_2 + 0.5*ρ*v_2^2 + ρ*g*h_2
-High velocity = low pressure
-Torricelli: exit speed = sqrt(2*g*h)
-Ideal fluid: incompressible, non-viscous, laminar
-Streamline flow
-Viscosity: internal friction between fluid layers